Nearby villages are Hengoed, and Ystrad Mynach. However, enforcement of the Edict grew increasingly irregular over time, making life so intolerable that many fled the country. Remnant communities of Camisards in the Cvennes, most Reformed members of the United Protestant Church of France, French members of the largely German Protestant Reformed Church of Alsace and Lorraine, and the Huguenot diaspora in England and Australia, all still retain their beliefs and Huguenot designation. The Huguenots did not enslave people in France or Germany, but they soon took up the practice in their new homeland. Amongst them were 200 pastors. [16], Among the nobles, Calvinism peaked on the eve of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre. Today, there are some Reformed communities around the world that still retain their Huguenot identity. Whilst searching for a rellie who may have gone by a surname that is the anglicised version of a French word (Francois becomming Francewar), I found a few more French names in St Peter's records. Research genealogy for Alma Levi Russell Russell, as well as other members of the Russell family, on Ancestry. 24 July, A.D. 1550. Services are still held there in French according to the Reformed tradition every Sunday at 3pm. These included Languedoc-Roussillon, Gascony and even a strip of land that stretched into the Dauphin. For example, E.I. Although 19th-century sources have asserted that some of these refugees were lacemakers and contributed to the East Midlands lace industry,[101][102] this is contentious. Of the refugees who arrived on the Kent coast, many gravitated towards Canterbury, then the . [citation needed], By 1620, the Huguenots were on the defensive, and the government increasingly applied pressure. While the Huguenot population was at one time fairly large, these names are not now common though they are still seen in some street names and The Huguenot Museum in Bad Karlshafen, Germany has some fascinating exhibits. Assimilated, the French made numerous contributions to United States economic life, especially as merchants and artisans in the late Colonial and early Federal periods. Page 363. That decree will only produce its effects for the future. Joan Crawford (1905-1977), American actress, descended from the Huguenots, Dr Pierre Chastain and Chretien DuBois, on her father's side. The Huguenots (/hjunts/ HEW-g-nots, also UK: /-noz/ -nohz, French:[y()no]) were a religious group of French Protestants who held to the Reformed, or Calvinist, tradition of Protestantism. Following this exodus, Huguenots remained in large numbers in only one region of France: the rugged Cvennes region in the south. [4], A term used originally in derision, Huguenot has unclear origins. But it was not until 31 December 1687 that the first organised group of Huguenots set sail from the Netherlands to the Dutch East India Company post at the Cape of Good Hope. Many descendants of the French Huguenots in South Africa still . Dutch and Walloon Calvinists arrived in force in Elizabethan England - there were over 15,000 foreign Protestants in the country in the 1590s, the majority Dutch and almost all of the remainder Walloon and Huguenot - but few needed to come once the independence of the United Provinces was secured. "[64], In the 1920s and 1930s, members of the extreme-right Action Franaise movement expressed strong animus against Huguenots and other Protestants in general, as well as against Jews and Freemasons. On that day, soldiers and organized mobs fell upon the Huguenots, and thousands of them were slaughtered. In Bad Karlshafen, Hessen, Germany is the Huguenot Museum and Huguenot archive. In addition, a dense network of Protestant villages permeated the rural mountainous region of the Cevennes. Stadtholder William III of Orange, who later became King of England, emerged as the strongest opponent of king Louis XIV after the French attacked the Dutch Republic in 1672. Research genealogy for Norma Jane "Jane" Haas of Chittenango, New York, as well as other members of the Haas family, on Ancestry. Many of their descendants rose to positions of prominence. German: northern variant of Grob.North German: habitational name from any of several places called Grove or Groven in . A couple of ships with around 500 people arrived at the Guanabara Bay, present-day Rio de Janeiro, and settled on a small island. 4,000 emigrated to the Thirteen Colonies, where they settled, especially in New York, the Delaware River Valley in Eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey,[22] and Virginia. If you know of more Huguenot family names in Australia, please email ozhug@optushome.com.au. After the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, several Huguenots including Edmund Bohun of Suffolk, England, Pierre Bacot of Touraine France, Jean Postell of Dieppe France, Alexander Pepin, Antoine Poitevin of Orsement France, and Jacques de Bordeaux of Grenoble, immigrated to the Charleston Orange district. They arrange tours, talks, events and schools programmes to raise the Huguenot profile in Spitalfields and raise funds for a permanent memorial to the Huguenots. The pattern of warfare, followed by brief periods of peace, continued for nearly another quarter-century. Even before the Edict of Als (1629), Protestant rule was dead and the ville de sret was no more. [citation needed], In World War II, Huguenots led by Andr Trocm in the village of Le Chambon-sur-Lignon in Cvennes helped save many Jews. Eric J. Roth, "From Protestant International to Hudson Valley Provincial: A Case Study of Language Use and Ethnicity in New Paltz, New York, 16781834". His successor Louis XIII, under the regency of his Italian Catholic mother Marie de' Medici, was more intolerant of Protestantism. There are many variations in spelling and not all are related. Inhabited by Camisards, it continues to be the backbone of French Protestantism. D.J.B. [8] The prtendus rforms ('supposedly 'reformed'') were said to gather at night at Tours, both for political purposes, and for prayer and singing psalms. War at home again precluded a resupply mission, and the colony struggled. Huguenot exiles in the United Kingdom, the United States, South Africa, Australia, and a number of other countries still retain their identity.[20][21]. [58], After this, the Huguenots (with estimates ranging from 200,000 to 1,000,000[5]) fled to Protestant countries: England, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Norway, Denmark, and Prussiawhose Calvinist Great Elector Frederick William welcomed them to help rebuild his war-ravaged and underpopulated country. The roads to Geneva and the Valais region led to Lausanne, which was densely . Is an Index of family names appearing in "Huguenot Trails", the official publication of the Huguenot Society of Canada, from 1968 to 2003. ", Heinz Schilling,"Innovation through migration: the settlements of Calvinistic Netherlanders in sixteenth-and seventeenth-century Central and Western Europe. [citation needed], In the early 21st century, there were approximately one million Protestants in France, representing some 2% of its population. Augeron Mickal, Didier Poton et Bertrand Van Ruymbeke, dir.. Augeron Mickal, John de Bry, Annick Notter, dir., This page was last edited on 28 February 2023, at 16:02. See our Huguenot Surname Cross Surname and Variations -- Christian Name Ag / Agee / Oage -- Matthieu Allaire -- Alexandre Alle / Alley / Alie / Alyer / d'Ailly -- Nicolas [57], The revocation forbade Protestant services, required education of children as Catholics, and prohibited emigration. The first wave took place between 1540 and 1590 and mainly concerned Geneva. Other descendents of Huguenots included Jack Jouett, who made the ride from Cuckoo Tavern to warn Thomas Jefferson and others that Tarleton and his men were on their way to arrest him for crimes against the king; Reverend John Gano, a Revolutionary War chaplain and spiritual advisor to George Washington; Francis Marion; and a number of other leaders of the American Revolution and later statesmen. In the early years, many Huguenots also settled in the area of present-day Charleston, South Carolina. Many of these settlers were given land in an area that was later called Franschhoek (Dutch for 'French Corner'), in the present-day Western Cape province of South Africa. [citation needed] The greatest concentrations of Huguenots at this time resided in the regions of Guienne, Saintonge-Aunis-Angoumois and Poitou. . 3rd. What is clear is that the surname, Jaques, is a Huguenot name. If you contact us without visiting the Museum the charge is 35 for up to two hours research, though we will discuss the likelihood of Huguenot ancestry with you, before taking your payment. [103][104] The only reference to immigrant lacemakers in this period is of twenty-five widows who settled in Dover,[101] and there is no contemporary documentation to support there being Huguenot lacemakers in Bedfordshire. Many modern Afrikaners have French surnames, which are given Afrikaans pronunciation and orthography. After centuries, most Huguenots have assimilated into the various societies and cultures where they settled. [99] Huguenot refugees flocked to Shoreditch, London. Persecution diminished the number of Huguenots who remained in France. Huguenot Memorial Park in Jacksonville, Florida. [French, from Old French huguenot, member of a Swiss political movement, alteration (influenced by Bezanson Hugues (c. Updated on January 12, 2018. They also settled elsewhere in Kent, particularly Sandwich, Faversham and Maidstonetowns in which there used to be refugee churches. It's also the last name of Carmelita Jeter, an American sprinter who specializes in the 100 meter sprint. In the Dutch-speaking North of France, Bible students who gathered in each other's houses to study secretly were called Huis Genooten ("housemates") while on the Swiss and German borders they were termed Eid Genossen, or "oath fellows", that is, persons bound to each other by an oath. In 1700 several hundred French Huguenots migrated from England to the colony of Virginia, where the King William III of England had promised them land grants in Lower Norfolk County. The availability of the Bible in vernacular languages was important to the spread of the Protestant movement and development of the Reformed church in France. . Joseph de la Plaigne - Just one Huguenot refugee, Muriel Gibbs 14 Connected families from Dieppe 1688 - Bertrand, De La Mare, Lubias 16 Calendars of State Papers (Domestic) Part I, Randolph Vigne 17 The Dansays Family of St. Laurent-de-la-Pre (illustrated), Norman Bishop 18 The Temple of Quvilly, Rouen, Part I, Chris Shelley 21 The Huguenot Church Register of Pons, France: Possible . In 1646, the land was granted to Jacob Jacobson Roy, a gunner at the fort in New Amsterdam (now Manhattan), and named "Konstapel's Hoeck" (Gunner's Point in Dutch). A rural Huguenot community in the Cevennes that rebelled in 1702 is still being called Camisards, especially in historical contexts. Past and current members have joined the Huguenot Society of America by right of descent from the following Huguenot ancestors who qualify under the constitution of the Society. In Berlin the Huguenots created two new neighbourhoods: Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichstadt. The Huguenot population of France dropped to 856,000 by the mid-1660s, of which a plurality lived in rural areas. Of course, the Huguenots were not the only refugee group who came to Ireland in the past. Peter married into a family of physicians and had a son Peter jnr. [citation needed] Surveys suggest that Protestantism has grown in recent years, though this is due primarily to the expansion of evangelical Protestant churches which particularly have adherents among immigrant groups that are generally considered distinct from the French Huguenot population. Horsley, Hartley Bridge, Gloucestershire, England; Popular names: Hanks The first Mennonite immigrants bearing this name came to PA in the first half of the 18th century. Louise de Coligny, daughter of the murdered Huguenot leader Gaspard de Coligny, married William the Silent, leader of the Dutch (Calvinist) revolt against Spanish (Catholic) rule. [citation needed], These tensions spurred eight civil wars, interrupted by periods of relative calm, between 1562 and 1598. Louisiana had the highest population of Hubert families in 1840. Some Huguenot descendants in the Netherlands may be noted by French family names, although they typically use Dutch given names. huguenotstreet.org is ranked #2002 in the Hobbies and Leisure > Ancestry and Genealogy category and #7843378 Globally according to January 2023 data. The warfare was definitively quelled in 1598, when Henry of Navarre, having succeeded to the French throne as Henry IV, and having recanted Protestantism in favour of Roman Catholicism in order to obtain the French crown, issued the Edict of Nantes. Soon, they became enraged with the Dutch trading tactics, and drove out the settlers. They were persecuted by Catholic France, and about 300,000 Huguenots fled France for England, Holland, Switzerland, Prussia, and the Dutch and English colonies in the Americas. This Table contains the names of Huguenot families Naturalized [69] in Great Britain and Ireland; commencing A.D., 1681, in the reign of King Charles II., and ending in 1712, in the reign of Queen Anne. [100] In Wandsworth, their gardening skills benefited the Battersea market gardens. He called this tip of the peninsula which jutted out into Newark Bay, "Bird's Point". The French Huguenot Church of Charleston, which remains independent, is the oldest continuously active Huguenot congregation in the United States. It took French troops years to hunt down and destroy all the bands of Camisards, between 1702 and 1709. The Huguenot emigrants were different from the Dutch and German settlers who made up the average population of the Cape Colony. Some fled as refugees to the Dutch Cape Colony, the Dutch East Indies, various Caribbean colonies, and several of the Dutch and English colonies in North America. It is said that they landed on the coastline peninsula of Davenports Neck called "Bauffet's Point" after travelling from England where they had previously taken refuge on account of religious persecution, four years before the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. It sought an alliance between the city-state of Geneva and the Swiss Confederation. While a small amount of Huguenots did come, the majority switched from speaking French to English. Such economic separation was the condition of the refugees' initial acceptance in the city. The "Huguenot Street Historic District" in New Paltz has been designated a National Historic Landmark site and contains one of the oldest streets in the United States of America. After petitioning the British Crown in 1697 for the right to own land in the Baronies, they prospered as slave owners on the Cooper, Ashepoo, Ashley and Santee River plantations they purchased from the British Landgrave Edmund Bellinger. [87] London financed the emigration of many to England and its colonies around 1700. The couple left for Batavia ten years later. It proved disastrous to the Huguenots and costly for France. Prince Louis de Cond, along with his sons Daniel and Osias,[citation needed] arranged with Count Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbrcken to establish a Huguenot community in present-day Saarland in 1604. The Society has chapters in numerous states, with the one in Texas being the largest. Many settlers in Russia were French, or came from French-speaking areas of Europe. The French Confession of 1559 shows a decidedly Calvinistic influence. Edward VI granted them the whole of the western crypt of Canterbury Cathedral for worship. [68] A group of Huguenots was part of the French colonisers who arrived in Brazil in 1555 to found France Antarctique. This ended legal recognition of Protestantism in France and the Huguenots were forced to either convert to Catholicism (possibly as Nicodemites) or flee as refugees; they were subject to violent dragonnades. But in the reign of William and Mary, the largest number of foreign refugees were Naturalized in these countries, from 1689 to the 3rd July, 1701. By the time Louis XIV revoked the Edict of Nantes in 1685, Huguenots accounted for 800,000 to 1million people. It was an attempt to establish a French colony in South America. [91][92] The immigrants included many skilled craftsmen and entrepreneurs who facilitated the economic modernisation of their new home, in an era when economic innovations were transferred by people rather than through printed works. Louis XIV claimed that the French Huguenot population was reduced from about 900,000 or 800,000 adherents to just 1,000 or 1,500. During this time, their opponents first dubbed the Protestants Huguenots; but they called themselves reforms, or "Reformed". The Pennsylvania-German, Volume 12 . [27] The Waldensians created fortified areas, as in Cabrires, perhaps attacking an abbey. The Edict simultaneously protected Catholic interests by discouraging the founding of new Protestant churches in Catholic-controlled regions. Francis initially protected the Huguenot dissidents from Parlementary measures seeking to exterminate them. ), was in common use by the mid-16th century. Examples of Huguenot surnames are: Agombar, Beauchamp, Bosanquet, Boucher/Bouchar, Bruneau, Chapeau, Deschamps, Dupont, Du Preez/Pree, Lamerie, Lepage, Martin, Rondeaux, Vernier and Vincent. With the precedent of a historical alliancethe Auld Alliancebetween Scotland and France; Huguenots were mostly welcomed to, and found refuge in the nation from around the year 1700. Huguenot was frequently used in reference to those of the Reformed Church of France from the time of the Protestant Reformation. A few French Huguenot surnames that remain common today include the surnames Du Plessis, De Villiers, Joubert, Le Roux, Naude and Rousseau. Tension with Paris led to a siege by the royal army in 1622. English (of French Huguenot origin): Anglicized form of French Le Groux (see Groux) or Le Greux. In Geneva, Hugues, though Catholic, was a leader of the "Confederate Party", so called because it favoured independence from the Duke of Savoy. Around 1294, a French version of the Scriptures was prepared by the Roman Catholic priest, Guyard des Moulins. Now, it happens that those whom they called Lutherans were at that time so narrowly watched during the day that they were forced to wait till night to assemble, for the purpose of praying God, for preaching and receiving the Holy Sacrament; so that although they did not frighten nor hurt anybody, the priests, through mockery, made them the successors of those spirits which roam the night; and thus that name being quite common in the mouth of the populace, to designate the evangelical huguenands in the country of Tourraine and Amboyse, it became in vogue after that enterprise. Surnames found in Ireland which date to time in the 16th and 17th centuries when French Huguenots or German Palatines fleeing religious persecution in their home countries came to Ireland. The city's political institutions and the university were all handed over to the Huguenots. Some Huguenots settled in Bedfordshire, one of the main centres of the British lace industry at the time. ", "L'affaire des placards, la fin de la belle Renaissance", "18 octobre 1534: l'affaire des placards", "This Day in History 1572: Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre", Provisional Government of the French Republic, "Rise of 'neo-Protestantism' under Macron challenges traditional Catholic-secular approach to politics", "Welcome to The Huguenot Society of Australia", "Chronology French Church du Saint-Esprit", "French Huguenots and their descendants genealogy project", "Allocution de M. Franois Mitterrand, Prsident de la Rpublique, aux crmonies du tricentenaire de la Rvocation de l'Edit de Nantes, sur la tolrance en matire politique et religieuse et l'histoire du protestantisme en France, Paris, Palais de l'UNESCO, vendredi 11 octobre 1985", "Bayonne Online The first reference to Bayonne in history is in 1609 when Henry Hudson stopped there before proceeding on his journey up the river which would later bear his name. Raymond P. Hylton, "Dublin's Huguenot Community: Trials, Development, and Triumph, 16621701". Some of their descendants moved into the Deep South and Texas, where they developed new plantations. A small wooden church was first erected in the community, followed by a second church that was built of stone. They did not promote French-language schools or publications and "lost" their historic identity. [32], Although usually Huguenots are lumped into one group, there were actually two types of Huguenots that emerged. Retaliating against the French Catholics, the Huguenots had their own militia. The French added to the existing immigrant population, then comprising about a third of the population of the city. However, in France, the name France is ranked the 2,810 th . Dr Kathleen Chater has been tracing her own family history for over 30 years. They founded the silk industry in England. In his Encyclopedia of Protestantism, Hans Hillerbrand wrote that on the eve of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre in 1572, the Huguenot community made up as much as 10% of the French population. By 1692, a total of 201 French Huguenots had settled at the Cape of Good Hope. Research genealogy for Thomas Russell of Kegworth, Leicestershire, England, as well as other members of the Russell family, on Ancestry. A. Roche promoted this idea among historians. Paul Revere was descended from Huguenot refugees, as was Henry Laurens, who signed the Articles of Confederation for South Carolina. A small group of Huguenots also settled on the south shore of Staten Island along the New York Harbor, for which the current neighbourhood of Huguenot was named. The uprising occurred a decade following the death of Henry IV, who was assassinated by a Catholic fanatic in 1610. At the time, they constituted the majority of the townspeople.[114]. It is now located at Soho Square. A royal citadel was built and the university and consulate were taken over by the Catholic party. In October 1985, to commemorate the tricentenary of the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, President Franois Mitterrand of France announced a formal apology to the descendants of Huguenots around the world. These surnames are most common in South Africa due to the immigration of the French Huguenots to the Cape of Good Hope in the 17th century. [16], Huguenots controlled sizeable areas in southern and western France. [25][26], The first known translation of the Bible into one of France's regional languages, Arpitan or Franco-Provenal, had been prepared by the 12th-century pre-Protestant reformer Peter Waldo (Pierre de Vaux). Huguenots intermarried with Dutch from the outset. The Catholic Church in France and many of its members opposed the Huguenots. There is an aged carpenter here, 'La Combre,' of pure Huguenot descent, so that this name also, as well as another, 'Champ,' may be added to the list. Many researchers are challenged by the following list of obstacles, including: They retained the religious provisions of the Edict of Nantes until the rule of Louis XIV, who gradually increased persecution of Protestantism until he issued the Edict of Fontainebleau (1685). [74] Upon their arrival in New Amsterdam, Huguenots were offered land directly across from Manhattan on Long Island for a permanent settlement and chose the harbour at the end of Newtown Creek, becoming the first Europeans to live in Brooklyn, then known as Boschwick, in the neighbourhood now known as Bushwick. The Huguenot Memorial Museum was also erected there and opened in 1957. A number of New Amsterdam's families were of Huguenot origin, often having immigrated as refugees to the Netherlands in the previous century. Escalating, he instituted dragonnades, which included the occupation and looting of Huguenot homes by military troops, in an effort to forcibly convert them. The practice has continued to the present day. [80] In upstate New York they merged with the Dutch Reformed community and switched first to Dutch and then in the early 19th century to English. As both spoke French in daily life, their court church in the Prinsenhof in Delft held services in French. The first groups of German immigrants to the US began to arrive as early as the 1670s. In the Manakintown area, the Huguenot Memorial Bridge across the James River and Huguenot Road were named in their honour, as were many local features, including several schools, including Huguenot High School. Genealogical Publishing Company, Published: 1885, Reprinted: 1998. Two years later, with the Revolutionary Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen of 1789, Protestants gained equal rights as citizens. Most came from northern France (Brittany, Normandy, and Picardy, as well as West Flanders (subsequently French Flanders), which had been annexed from the Southern Netherlands by Louis XIV in 1668-78[83]).