how to measure horizontal distance using total station

The Total station is designed for measuring of slant distances, horizontal and vertical angles and elevations in topographic and geodetic works, tachometric surveys, as well as for solution of application geodetic tasks. 3. 100 feet, 50 feet, or 25 feet) 2. Introduce students Using Total Station for computing distances directly and calculates the coordinates of points in the area of interest. (ii) Set the vernier A to zero or 360° by using the upper clamp and its tangent screw. Distances along slopes are measured in short horizontal segments. Rotate the telescope and note that the zero position for the vertical angle (see Figure 1). Computed by H = 3.2808 cot (α/2). Total horizontal distance: 1.85 + 1.75 + 1.52 = 5.12 m How to use a total station: Set the instrument to an identified level and set the horizontal circle. as my thinking , slope distance by tape must be longer but why? The Total station is designed for measuring of slant distances, horizontal and vertical angles and elevations in topographic and geodetic works, tachometric surveys, as well as for solution of It is also integrated with microprocessor, electronic data collector and storage system. 9 3. All right and now let's measure pink. Lock the horizontal clamp screw to fix the line of sight to be exactly on the same as the line of the horizontal distance . Instruments called total stations (Figure 5.14) combine electronic distance measurement and the angle measuring capabilities of theodolites in one unit. There is no requirement for 100 feet, 50 feet, or 25 feet) 2. Since deflection angles are the basis for this method, it is recommended that points on the curve be set at 100-ft, 50-ft, or 25-ft intervals. Measuring distances alone in surveying does not establish the location of an object. Leveling is one of the misunderstandings. TOTAL STATION AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN SURVEYING By: MD NIZAMUDDIN 1 INTRODUCTION A total station is an electronic/optical instrument used in modern surveying The instrument can be used to measure horizontal and vertical angles as well as sloping distance of object to the instrument. Total Station Vertical and Horizontal field check This quick and easy check will allow you to check and verify that the Vertical and Horizontal angles are within the manufactures specifications. caracteristicas de construccion y materiales. At one time, total stations were classified as either directional or . This is necessary because the horizontal distance between two points does not change even if the ground is disturbed. No : 618121902IFSC Code : IDIB000E045Indian Bank As well as basic functions, total stations are able to perform a number of different survey tasks and associated calculations and can store large amounts of data. A total station is a surveying instrument that uses the data generated by radar and digital receivers to provide both distance and height measurements over a land survey. * Attach the cables and/or the battery and turn on the power. Times New Roman Arial Book Antiqua Monotype Sorts Wingdings Symbol Helvetica blacks Horizontal Distance Measurement Distance Measurement Tape Measurement Slide 4 Slide 5 Slide 6 Odometer and Subtense Bar Slide 8 Slide 9 Stadia Slide 11 Slide 12 Electronic Distance Measurement Slide 14 Distance Computation Slide 16 Slide 17 Slide 18 Slide 19 . The known elevation point is observed by an instrument, the value of V is measured, and the value of W is calculated. To measure distances, land surveyors once used 100-foot long metal tapes that are graduated in hundredths of a foot. The instrument can be used to measure horizontal and vertical angles as well as sloping distance of object to the instrument. horizontal distance, regardless of the relative elevation of the two points. To become familiar with using a steel tape to measure approximate horizontal distances. The coordinates of the point are to be stacked out. It is also integrated with microprocessor, electronic data collector and storage system. Consider Figure 1 - All that is needed to calculate the height of an object is 1) the slope distance between the instrument and the target, and 2) the angular 19b Measurement of horizontal and vertical distances when using intermediate pegs, Step 2. Survey traverse Last setup. Contents Introduction of Total station Definition of Total Station Features of Total Station Uses of Total Station Factors influencing the use of Total Stations: Components of Total Station Check List for Total Station Setting up the Instrument Exercises on Total Station 1.Measuring the Horizontal Angle 2. Leveling the Total Station . Use the horizontal distance and the They are used with GPS precision in a vertical position, horizontal distance, and angular geometry. Determine the stationing to be used (i.e. associated with the method of a total station combining with CASS7.0 terrain and . The measurement results can be recorded into the internal memory and transferred to a personal computer interface. 2. And our horizontal distance is 58.93 feet our angle is 45 degrees 0.3 minutes and 13 seconds. Put a marking peg at the other end of the ruler. To measure the horizontal distance between two points, one surveyor uses an EDM instrument to shoot an energy wave toward a reflector held by the second surveyor. Frequently, the lay of the land between the two points is not uniform, or the elevation of the two points is very different. A total station consists of a theodolite with a built-in distance meter (distancer), and so it can measure angles and distances at the same time. Total Station are spread to many measuring sites, however, their functions are not fully understood yet. determined by measuring vertical angles and slope distances. Using total station to calculate based on horizontal distance and angle. 1. [You need to factor the instrument height and the prism height in your elevation estimation] Task 5: Measure the zenith angle to top of the southwest corner of the EP building. A total station consists of a theodolite with a built-in distance meter, enabling it to simultaneously measure angles and distances and determine the positions and heights of points. An entire station is a combination of a digital theodolite, an electronic distance measuring device (EDM) and a microprocessor with a memory unit. The most frequently used surveying instrument today is the total station (As per below figure No1). Most total stations can measure angle to at least 5 seconds, or 0.0013888 degree. Total station is a surveying equipment combination of Electromagnetic Distance Measuring Instrument and electronic theodolite. Use the sighting collimator to do the approximate bisection of the prism. Place your ruler on the ground with its end at the first ranging pole, making sure the ruler follows the straight line. The invention relates to a method for optimizing triangulation height measurement by using a total station. The distance of the throw is the horizontal distance as measured and displayed on the Pentax 325N Electronic Total Station less the radius of the throwing circle (ie. • The instrument will request an observation to the target • Horizontal distances Surveying and highway construction practice use horizontal distances rather than slope distances. It is also integrated with microprocessor, electronic data collector and storage system. The coded scales of the horizontal and vertical circles are scanned > yes my total station is calibrated. The indirect leveling method using total station for leveling is considered to have due accuracy, applications of the . TS is used to measure horizontal and vertical angle s . What Is a Total Station in Surveying? Next we consider how these instruments are used to measure horizontal positions in relation to established control networks. The Total Station contains a very accurate clinometer; therefore it may be used to calculate elevation differences (i.e. The Total station is designed for measuring of slant distances, horizontal and vertical angles and elevations in topographic and geodetic works, tachometric surveys, as well as for solution of application geodetic tasks. The early EDM instruments could measure long distances with an accuracy of about 5 parts per million (i.e. Series30RK SET230RK/RK3 SET330RK/RK3 SET530RK/RK3 SET630RK Reflectorless Total Station OPERATOR'S MANUAL CLASS 3R Laser Product CLASS 2 Laser Product. * Set up and level the instrument over the point. Turn the total station until the horizontal circle turns to zero. the horizontal distance from 3 total station is 50.227m, and slope distance from steel tape is 50.221m. This equation is the special case of the long chord and the total deflection angle. have a tape to measure the exact distance (to cm accuracy at least) of the offset. (4.3). Total Station is an equipment used in surveying, designed for measuring horizontal and vertical angles, inclusive of measuring sloping distance of object to the instrument.It is a combination of electronic theodolite and electromagnetic distance measuring (EDM) instrument. 8 meters for the javelin throw, 1.25 meters for the discus, and 1.06 meters for the hammer, weight and shot.) The basic properties are unsurpassed range, speed and accuracy of measurements. Types of Total Station: 1.Mechanical Total Stations: It will work better if can use a Total station | Total station survey. 3. If the total station is set up at a proposed corner for the building, you can use the distance measuring and ranging pole to find intermediate points along the wall. Answer (1 of 2): I will give a short answer. Measuring Horizontal Angles and Distances Using Total Station or TheodoliteFace left and face right mean angleTraverse measurementsResection measurementsEngi. 6 seconds—typical theodolite). Nowadays, all electronic total stations have an electronic optical distance meter (EDM) and an electronic angle meter, so that the bar codes of the horizontal and vertical circle scales can be . Measure zenith angles used to reduce slope distance to its horizontal component in both the direct and reversed attitudes. Total station | Total station survey:- The Total station is a surveying instrument that is commonly used. heights) with an accuracy of several cm.s. To calculate the subchord, C = 2R sin (∆/2) may be used. Introduction. Hold these two leveling screws between the thumb and first finger of each hand uniformly so that the thumb moves either towards each other or away from each other until the bubble comes to the center. For total station instruments that include the capability, the vertical indexing initialization procedure should be checked at the beginning of each day. Basic Civil Engineering. 4. 12. Total Station Vertical and Horizontal field check This quick and easy check will allow you to check and verify that the Vertical and Horizontal angles are within the manufactures specifications. • Programs and functions are different from one brand to the other, but most of the surveying functions are built into the any total station such as: But it seems too heavy. It is a combination of an electronic theodolite (transit), an electronic distance measuring device (EDM) and software running on an external computer, such as a laptop or data collector. for EDM parameters is nicely input Set up your Total Station and a target at least 100 meter apart. It also consists of a micro-processor with a memory unit which deals with recordings, readings, and the fundamental . 3.1.3.1 Total Stations A total station is used for measuring both horizontal and zenith angles as well as slope distances. Set up your Total Station and a target at least 100 meter apart. The two methods of acquiring the slope distance require different methods of determining the vertical and horizontal distances between the instrument and the point of interest. Total Stations. Keep the reflector at this point. Precision depends on the type and is usually from. • A total station can read and record horizontal and vertical angles through the theodolite, slope distances through the EDM, and perform various mathematical operations through the processor. The station will not display readings when out of level too far. The rapid development of EDM equipment in recent years has enabled the surveyor and engineer to measure distances much more easily and to a higher precision than is possible using taping or optical methods. Fig. Its height reference is the geoid. One last setup we're going to set up on pink backsight here and foresight green, let's Go. Total Stations - Surveying & Setting Out Course Overview. And, take back sight to the first station & also observe the vertical angle, bearing, and staff reading to the top, bottom, and axial hairs. 2. This combination makes it possible to determine the coordinates of a reflector by aligning the instruments cross-hairs on the reflector and simultaneously measuring the vertical, horizontal angles and slope distances. Calculate the tangent distance and tangent offset for each station: β = 100 When using a total station to measure horizontal angles, a good reference point would be the: a) Horizon b) Zenith c) Center of the Earth od) All of the above are true e) None of the above is true B. Then sight through the eyepiece and use the focussing screw to . The total horizontal (or vertical) distance between pegs A and B is the sum of the horizontal (or vertical) distances measured between all the intermediate pegs (see Fig. 2. Today's electronic total stations all have an opto-electronic distance meter (EDM) and electronic angle scanning. All other values returned by the instrument, such as coordinates, are derived from these values. 19b). The total station is setup anywhere convenient just like a level and there is no measure up at the instrument. 3.1 General. Clarification: A total station is a combination of an electronic theodolite and an Electronic Distance Measurement. The measurement results can be recorded into the internal memory and transferred to a personal computer interface. Horizontal Distances, slope distance, co-ordinates and angle Measurement using Total Station. 3D quality: is a measure of accuracy, in which, it is calculated using standard deviations of the 3D coordinates with Eq. Total station: is a surveying instrument that determines coordinate of a point indirectly from measured angles and distances. Can achieve an accuracy of 1'/3,000'. The location for this lab shall be determined by your instructor. The two points, of high interest, one - where the instrument is set up and the other where the prism is set. 3 . The total-station and prism pole give a true slope distance. ±5 mm for every km or to ±150 mm over a 30 km line). Using the EDM tool measure the horizontal distance to this corner. By phoung sat. Times New Roman Arial Book Antiqua Monotype Sorts Wingdings Symbol Helvetica blacks Horizontal Distance Measurement Distance Measurement Tape Measurement Slide 4 Slide 5 Slide 6 Odometer and Subtense Bar Slide 8 Slide 9 Stadia Slide 11 Slide 12 Electronic Distance Measurement Slide 14 Distance Computation Slide 16 Slide 17 Slide 18 Slide 19 . The method comprises the following steps: 1. the instrument is at any point, but the selected point needs to be visible to a known elevation point. The picture shown below is slightly earlier.) The fundamental measurements made by a Total Station are slope distance, horizontal angle, and vertical angle. Then loosen the lower clamp, direct the telescope to the left hand object A, and bisect A . When you have to measure a short distance on horizontal terrain, mark each end of the distance with ranging poles. Double centering should be used whenever you want to accurately determine angles and distances between stations. A total station is an optical instrument used in modern surveying. Vertical or horizontal distance and angles are . Calculate the tangent distance and tangent offset for each station: β = 100 Place chaining pins in the ground at 0m, 20m, 40m, and 60m stations. Learn more about Transits, Theodolites, Total Stations, & levels Measuring Vertical Angle 3. Using a total station and measuring over a horizontal distance of 1363.546 m, compute the standard deviation in millimetres (mm) for: (a) distance measurement parameters equal to +/- (2 mm + 2 ppm), (b) an angular resolution equal to +/- 5 seconds of arc. Its purpose is to measure vertical and/or horizontal angles. Special equipment and techniques may be needed to obtain an accurate determination of the distance. Methods For Measuring Distances •Subtense Bar Distances are determined using a theodolite to determine a horizontal angle subtended by two targets precisely spaced at a fixed distance of 2 meters apart on a subtense bar. using the EDM tool in the total station. When using a Total Station for "plane-table" mapping it is not necessary to use the double centering technique. We need to locate the object in 3 dimensions. Finally, measure the distance. * Set the crosshairs very near to the backsight with your hands and the. Procedure: 1. Using rangefinder with laser or ultrasound. However, it must be noted that the distances measured with a steel tape are not arc distances; they are straight lines known as subchords. To become familiar with keeping notes in a field book. Examples of Total Stations are the Nikon DTM 801, Topcon and Geodimeter400 series Examples of usage General purpose angle and distance measurements. Total station is a surveying equipment combination of Electromagnetic Distance Measuring Instrument and electronic theodolite. Introduce students using two methods (Pul se based and phase shift) of signal to compute the horizontal distance between Electronic Distance Measurement ( EDM ) instrument and reflectors. The Total station is designed for measuring of slant distances, horizontal and vertical angles and elevations in topographic and geodetic works, tachometric surveys, as well as for solution of application geodetic tasks. 2. Slope to Grid and Sea Level EDM Corrections Slope distances will be reduced to horizontal distances in the data collector, and then reduced to a grid distance if a grid scale factor (or combined scale sea level factor) is input into the data collector. Using the vertical angle, the total station can calculate the horizontal and vertical distance components of the measured slope distance. The remaining stations could be located in a similar manner. Now we are moving east 19.67 feet from point number sixteen, so I'm gonna take the easting of sixteen and add 19.67. Since deflection angles are the basis for this method, it is recommended that points on the curve be set at 100-ft, 50-ft, or 25-ft intervals. Today's electronic total stations all have an opto-electronic distance meter (EDM) and electronic angle scanning. Later versions are more accurate, usually able to measure with an accuracy of about ±2 parts per million (±2 mm per kilometre or ±60 mm over a 30 km line). A total station can measure angles and distances electronically and process trigonometrically to give us, at a minimum, position coordinates in space. It will work better if can use a Procedure: 1. Microprocessor unit processes the data collected to compute: 1. average of The best procedure when using a Total Station is to set a convenient " north " and carry this through the survey by using back sights when the instrument is move. To measure the horizontal angle AOB by repetition: (i) Set up the theodolite at station -point O and level it accurately. Equipments: Steel tape, chaining pins Instructions: 1. (This is the technique I learned as a student in a surveying class at the University of Wisconsin in the early 1980s. Refer to the total station operating instructions for repeating angle methods where required. Total station is a combination of Electromagnetic Distance Measuring Instrument and electronic theodolite. uses a total-station instrument and prism pole to determine the slope distance electronically. So we can write 5000 here. The instrument can be used to measure horizontal and vertical angles as well as sloping distance of object to the instrument. are used to set stations on the curve. TOTAL STATION A Total Station integrates the functions of a theodolitefor measuring angles, an EDM for measuring distances, digital data and information recording. As a result of these technical advances, many changes have taken place in surveying techniques. ±0.1 seconds (good quality theodolite used for geodetic survey) to; ±0.1 minutes (i.e. By Josue Ramirez Castillo. The coded scales of the horizontal and vertical circles are scanned electronically, and the angles and distances are displayed digitally. The Total Station in the F1 position will provide more than sufficient accuracy for this type of mapping. Determine the stationing to be used (i.e. Vertical Angle The vertical angle is measure relative to the local vertical ( plumb ) direction. Formula used in Tacheometric Surveying :-The stadia method - Fixed hair method a) Distance and elevation formula for horizontal sights: Horizontal distances of the staff position: Then take the ruler and place its first end at this marking peg. Loosen the horizontal clamp and turn instrument until plate level is parallel to 2 of the leveling foot screws . The instrument can be used to measure horizontal and vertical angles as well as sloping distance of object to the instrument . By Nana Ansah. Trig leveling is a separate and different procedure than carrying elevations with conventional total station traversing. To accomplish that we need: Horizontal length (distance) Difference in height (elevation) Angular direction 21 Turn the upper plate until the longitudinal axis of the plate level is roughly parallel to a line joining any two of the leveling screws (A & B). With the total station zeroed on the marked corner, turn it 90 degrees to find the next corner. Total Stations, a combination of an electronic theodolote and distance meter, are a precise tool for many geological surveying projects. This is often used for determining the positioning of supports. Instruments called total stations (Figure 5.14) combine electronic distance measurement and the angle measuring capabilities of theodolites in one unit. Not very accurate if the forest is too dense. 1. how to do land survey ( Let's do the third column ) So for point number seventeen, we're along the line of sixteen and 101 so we're gonna have the same northing of 5000. Used for Hydrographic Surveys. Donate Via:Google pay : 6374538596Account DetailsName : G.Prithivi AnandAc. This course is designed to give Junior Surveyors, engineers and personnel in the surveying and construction proffesion a good grounding in how to use modern total stations and is aimed at new recruits or staff who have little or no experience of using modern total stations. 2. It is a combination of a microprocessor with a memory unit, an electronic theodolite, and an electronic distance measuring instrument.. To set the stage for modern field data collection and processing, the electronic digital theodolite used in 1960. are used to set stations on the curve. Part 650 Engineering Field Handbook Chapter 1 Surveying 1-viii (210-VI-EFH, October 2008) Figure 1-14 Calculating horizontal latitude and longitude coordinates 1-26 from survey data Figure 1-15 Distance measured as either horizontal or slope distance 1-26 Figure 1-16 Odometer wheel 1-27 Figure 1-17 Breaking chain 1-28 Figure 1-18 Digital laser EDM 1-30 I meant the horizontal distance, I use 3 instrument to compare with steel tape. Theodolite is a telescope mounted on horizontal and vertical protractors. (The face of the instrument should be left.) Use the total station (or the measuring tape if you are using the theodolite) to measure the horizontal distance "D" from your location to the wall of the building. In addition, they also have features for measurement to points that cannot be directly observed (offset measurement) and basic Coordinate Geometry (COGO). Total station is a surveying equipment combination of Electromagnetic Distance Measuring Instrument and electronic theodolite. The total station A total station consists of a theodolite with a built-in distance meter (distancer), and so it can measure angles and distances at the same time. TRIMBLE S5 TOTAL STATION USER GUIDE Safety Information IV Trimble S5 Total Station The Trimble S5 Total Station is a CLASS 2 LASER PRODUCT The instrument contains visible and invisible laser sources A laser diode for the distance measuring function operating at 905 nm (infrared, non‐visible light), Okay now we're going to backside orange, and we have a horizontal distance of 59.01 feet. Horizontal distance

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