did ma rainey have children

According to ThoughtCo, multiple poets such as Sterling Allen Brown and Langston Hughes refer to her in their writings. Wikimedia Commons Though she isn’t a household name today, Ma Rainey was one of the most revered blues artists of her time. At 18, she married William “Pa” Rainey, which is when she adopted the name “Ma.” (They went on to adopt a son named Danny). [1][20] Paramount marketed her extensively, calling her the "Mother of the Blues", the "Songbird of the South", the "Gold-Neck Woman of the Blues" and the "Paramount Wildcat". He was just 43. And after ending her marriage with Pa, Rainey established and toured with her own band named "Madame Gertrude Rainey and her Georgia Smart Sets. Despite everything she'd accomplished, her death certificate and local obituaries listed her occupation as "housekeeper.". [8][9] She was the second of five children of Thomas and Ella (née Allen) Pridgett, from Alabama. As to how far they were actually involved sexually, the answer remains ambiguous. While all-Black minstrel troupes followed the form of white minstrel scenes, they often had a satirical edge to them, rivaling the typical depictions of Black people as "fools." The singer was the second of five children who started performing at Black minstrel shows in her teenage years. Rainey, Ma (1886–1939)African-American blues singer known as the "Mother of the Blues." He is an actor and writer, known for Ma Rainey's Black Bottom (2020), The Devil's Advocate (1997) and Blown Away (1994). Gertrude "Ma" Rainey Her deep contralto voice was a powerful instrument with which to convey the depth of her songs of everyday life and emotion, and she was renowned for her flamboyant performances. Her first recording was made in 1923. . Rainey recorded with Thomas Dorsey and Louis Armstrong, and she toured and recorded with the Georgia Jazz Band. [4] Dubbed the "Mother of the Blues", she bridged earlier vaudeville and the authentic expression of southern blues, influencing a generation of blues singers. The Black Panther star had been secretly battling colon cancer since 2016, and filmed Ma Rainey in the summer of 2019. And according to Blacking Up by Robert C. Toll, "in the 19th century, minstrelsy was [Black people's] only chance to make a regular living as entertainers, musicians, actors or composers.". Here's what you need to know. According to the Oxford African American Studies Center, Rainey toured with Pa until their marriage ended in 1916. Ma Rainey would be honored by later generations as the "Mother of the Blues," but no such musical form existed by that name when Gertrude Pridgett was born in Columbus, Georgia, in 1886, one of three children of Thomas and Ella Pridgett. [23] She was accompanied by the bandleader and pianist Thomas Dorsey and the band he assembled, the Wildcats Jazz Band. Here's what to know: Search Theresa Merritt and Whoopi Goldberg starred as Rainey in the Original and Revival Broadway productions, respectively. In the following five years, she made over 100 recordings, including "Bo-Weevil Blues" (1923), "Moonshine Blues" (1923), "See See Rider Blues" (1924), "Ma Rainey's Black Bottom" (1927), and "Soon This Morning" (1927).[6]. Her Columbus house also has historical landmark status and is home to The Gertrude "Ma" Rainey House & Blues Museum. Wise, clever, and often ribald, Mabley dressed in frumpy … According to The New York Times, when Alice Walker was writing The Color Purple, she listened to a great deal of Rainey and Smith's music: "They showed you had a whole self and you were not to succumb to being somebody else's — as they would say — 'play toy.'". While Rainey's voice was striking and raw, Smith was comparatively more subtle and earthy. Ma Rainey was the real-life "Mother of the Blues," whose cabaret-style tent shows in the 1920s South led her to a lucrative recording career. Performed in local stage show 1900; toured South with husband When she went on stage, the entire outfit would make a statement … She began her stage shows by being wheeled out inside a giant prop Victrola, and after a chorus girl took a prop record and placed it onto the phonograph, she would begin singing from inside. [15] Around this time, she met Bessie Smith, a young blues singer who was also making a name for herself. [31], Her signature low and gravelly voice sung with Rainey's gusto and authoritative style inspired imitators from Louis Armstrong, Janis Joplin and Bonnie Raitt among others. Pridgett claimed to have been born on April 26, 1886 (beginning with the 1910 census, taken April 25, 1910), in Columbus, Georgia. [11], Pridgett began her career as a performer at a talent show in Columbus, Georgia, when she was approximately 12 to 14 years old. According to "Staging the Blues" by Claire Gauen, Rainey also knew how to make an entrance. Wearing elegant sequin gowns along with diamonds and necklaces, including her trademark necklace made out of $20 gold coins that earned her the nickname "The Golden Necklace of the Blues," Rainey had a commanding hold over her audience. 3 Black people and Asian people were repeatedly depicted as inferior and peculiar in sketches that used blackface. One of Ma’s requirements before she records “Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom” is to have her nephew Sylvester (Dusan Brown) do the spoken introduction to the song. Rainey learned his father’s trade and by the 1850s worked as a barber at the exclusive Mills House hotel in Charleston. Ma was mostly seen in extravagant outfits with an equally heavy amount of jewelry. Gertrude "Ma" Rainey, born Gertrude Malissa Nix Pridgett, was most likely, and by her own account, born on April 26, 1886, in Columbus, Georgia. Styled as the "Mother of the Blues," Gertrude Pridgett Rainey, better known as "Ma" Rainey, was one of the most important of the early blues singers. [...] When Ma had sung her last number and the grand finale, we took seven [curtain] calls." "[30] At the time, an ad for the song embraced the genderbending outlined in the lyrics and featured Rainey in a three-piece suit, mingling with women while a police officer lurks nearby. [25] Dorsey left the group in 1926 because of ill health and was replaced as pianist by Lillian Hardaway Henderson, the wife of Rainey's cornetist Fuller Henderson, who became the band's leader.[26]. Ultimately, Rainey was able to get away with her lyrics by switching back and forth between being subversive while simultaneously acknowledging with the audience the subversive nature of the acts. On February 2, 1904, Pridgett married comedy songster William "Pa" Rainey. She recounts her arrest in "Prove it on me Blues," singing richly, "I went out last night with a crowd of my friends,/ It must've been women, 'cause I don't like no men./ Wear my clothes just like a fan/ Talk to the gals just like any old man." According to Dan Morgenstern, quoted in the Chicago Tribune, "What today is called 'classic' blues style came into being when young Gertrude Rainey, impressed and moved by her first encounter with country blues, made this 'folk' music part of her more sophisticated, professional performance routine. She was the second of fi… However, the two women ultimately ended up with different styles. [47], The first annual Ma Rainey International Blues Festival was held in April 2016 in Columbus, Georgia, near the home that Rainey owned and lived in at the time of her death. According to Georgia Women by Ann Short Chirhart and Kathleen Ann Clark, while some of her protagonists recounted abusive lovers that they couldn't tear themselves away from, others responded to violence with violence. And her life is the topic of the 1982 play Ma Rainey's Black Bottom by August Wilson, although the play is not an entirely biographical depiction. Ma Rainey's legacy in art can't be understated, and her loss was soon felt in the artistic community. Before she was Ma Rainey, she was born Gertrude Pridgett, the second of five children to Thomas and Ella Pridgett. Rainey liked Smith and taught her about life on the road in addition to giving her music lessons. Beyond that, the specific details of her early life remain murky to this day. Yes, Ma Rainey did have gold teeth. 1900 Census for Columbus Ward 5, Muscogee, Georgia, District 4, Enumeration district 91, Sheet 16A, line 20, 'Prigett, Gertrude, Sept 1882, 17. After her sister and mother died, Rainey retired from music, returning to her hometown of Columbus, Georgia, in 1935. This is the untold truth of Ma Rainey. Born Gertrude Pridgett, Rainey claimed she was born in Georgia in 1886, although recent research suggests she may have been born four years earlier, in Alabama. Ruben Santiago-Hudson, Writer: Ma Rainey's Black Bottom. They toured with the Rabbit Foot Minstrels and later formed their own group, Rainey and Rainey, Assassinators of the Blues. Her qualities are present and most evident in her early recordings "Bo-Weevil Blues" and "Moonshine Blues". Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. Before long, Gertrude caught the attention of William "Pa" Rainey, another traveling showman, and in 1904, they married. But she'd always head to a local Black café straight afterward to dance after a night's work. Click any label to sort. A REFUGE IN THEATER Moms Mabley, byname of Jackie Mabley, original name Loretta Mary Aiken, (born March 19, 1894, Brevard, North Carolina, U.S.—died May 23, 1975, White Plains, New York), American comedian who was one of the most successful black vaudeville performers.She modeled her stage persona largely on her grandmother, who had been a slave. Bessie Smith (April 15, 1894 – September 26, 1937) was an American blues singer widely renowned during the Jazz Age.Nicknamed the "Empress of the Blues", she was the most popular female blues singer of the 1920s and 1930s.She is often regarded as one of the greatest singers of her era and was a major influence on fellow blues singers, as well as jazz vocalists. Her songs were full of heartbreak and abandonment, and sometimes when she moaned, audiences moaned along with her. Rainey didn't shy away from singing about queerness. Chadwick Boseman reportedly broke down in tears while filming a scene in Ma Rainey's Black Bottom, his final appearance on screen.. Boseman was … Audiences went wild! Ma, who is portrayed by the infinitely talented Viola Davis, is shown to be a trailblazer in every sense of the word. Howard has four biological children: Rainey Daze, La Kiva, Christopher, and Anissa. To return to chronological order, click, This page was last edited on 24 April 2021, at 17:29. And Rainey not only developed her own style of blues, but she essentially established the genre as we know it. 2 In 1859 Rainey traveled to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he married Susan Cooper, who was originally from South Carolina. [31], In her lyrics, Rainey portrayed the black female experience like few others of the time reflecting a wide range of emotions and experiences. [10] It was also rumored that Smith once bailed Ma Rainey out of jail. By 1917, her shows were completely packed, sometimes not just by all-Black audiences. She toured until 1935, when she largely retired from performing and continued as a theater impresario in her hometown of Columbus, Georgia, until her death four years later. Viola Davis – Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom. [50], Sterling A. Some scholars have said Rainey influenced younger performers, such as Bessie Smith, the blues singer she met in 1912. ", According to Rainey's pianist and music director "Georgia Tom" Dorsey, "Ma had the audience in the palm of her hand. Ma Rainey, considered the mother of blues in many ways birthed a black female sexuality that is confined by neither respectability nor sexual depravity. Though they shared an extraordinary command of the idiom, the two women delivered their messages in styles and voices that were dissimilar and manifestly personal. Despite their heartbreaking nature, for the blues is the blues, Rainey's lyrics, many of which she wrote herself, gave agency to the women protagonists in her songs, who don't repent for acting as undesirably as men do. In her 1999 book Blues Legacies and Black Feminism, Angela Davis wrote that Rainey's songs are full of women who “explicitly celebrate their right to conduct themselves as expansively and even as undesirably as men. He was demoted a grade and ostracized by the other children. [24] They began their tour with an appearance in Chicago in April 1924 and continued, on and off, until 1928. ", It's also likely that Rainey and Smith had a romantic relationship. Updated November 13, 2018. It's unclear exactly when or in which minstrel troupe, but sometime between 1913 and 1916, in either The Rabbit Foot Minstrels or Moses Stokes, Rainey became acquainted with Bessie Smith. In this light, it has often been suggested that Rainey’s influence over the young Smith was more than professional." She played a major role in getting me back in shape after gaining weight to play Ma Rainey,” Viola tweeted on December 17. They must've been women, 'cause I don't like no men. [7] However, the 1900 census indicates that she was born in September 1882 in Alabama, and researchers Bob Eagle and Eric LeBlanc suggest that her birthplace was in Russell County, Alabama. Songs without any twelve-bar or eight-bar structure are classified as non-blues. [7], In February 1904, Ma Rainey married William "Pa" Rainey. Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom emerged as the big winner on the opening night of the Bafta film awards, which also marked the death of the academy’s former president the Duke of Edinburgh. Rainey was one of five children, and her parents, Thomas Pridgett Sr. and Ella Allen-Pridgett, were both minstrel troupers. She heard a girl near the tent singing a song about how her man left her that was "strange and poignant." Unfortunately, Rainey's life was cut tragically short in 1939, when she died of a heart attack in Rome, Georgia, on December 22 at the age of 53. Viola Davis’s Ma Rainey alongside her love interest, Dussie Mae (Taylour Paige). Frances McDormand – Nomadland. According to ThoughtCo, after having started out touring in the South, the success of her music brought her to tour in the North in cities like New York City and Chicago. [32], Toward the end of the 1920s, live vaudeville went into decline, being replaced by radio and recordings. [48][49] In 2017, the Rainey-McCullers School of the Arts opened in Columbus, Georgia, named in honor of Rainey and author Carson McCullers. And according to Blues Legacies and Black Feminism by Angela Y. Davis (pictured above), her work was firmly anchored in Southern Black culture as it evolved against a history of enslavement. Glynn Turman, Ma Rainey's Black Bottom. [22] In the same year, she embarked on a tour of the Theater Owners Booking Association (TOBA) in the South and Midwest of the United States, singing for black and white audiences. Name variations: Gertrude Rainey; Madame Rainey. There is uncertainty about the birth date of Gertrude Pridgett. And according to BlackPast, their shows were much more than just musical performances. A series of music, dance, and comedy performances, they were also intended to inform audiences about the important issues at the time, and one of the main topics of minstrel shows was race. Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom is one of those rare films with only one major setting: a Chicago recording studio in 1927. Carousing and sexual adventure were not uncommon. Sure got to prove it on me. All the space I once had was more than one person could ever need. What we do or say at any given moment is a choice we all make. The film about trailblazing blues singer Ma Rainey, played by Viola Davis, scooped two gongs – costume design and hair and make-up, with other winners including Mank, Rocks and Tenet. Songbird of the South I no longer needed a large home as all my children are grown and have homes of their own. [39][40][3], Ma Rainey created what is now known as "classic blues" while also portraying black life like never before. Rainey claimed she created the term "blues" when asked what kind of song she was singing. It’s true I wear a collar and tie. According to Atlas Obscura, sometimes Rainey was also hired by white people to play quieter private parties. [31], Unlike many blues singers of her day, Rainey wrote at least a third of the songs she sang including many of her most famous works such as "Moonshine Blues" and "Ma Rainey's Black Bottom" which would become standards of the "classic blues" genre. Rainey's influence also rippled through the literary world. Ma Rainey poses for a portrait … According to "'See See Rider Blues' – Gertrude 'Ma' Rainey" by Jas Obrecht, some of her shows were integrated, with half of the tent reserved for Black people and half of the tent reserved for white people. By 1923, when she'd been signed by Paramount Records, she'd be billed as the "Mother of the Blues.". David Lee/Netflix The first thing you hear in the Netflix film adaptation of the August Wilson play Ma Rainey's Black Bottom is the booming voice of the titular character, the legendary blues singer. Matter of fact her gold teeth are one of the factors that make her remarkable from the rest. Ma Rainey, American singer who was known as the ‘mother of the blues’ and was recognized as the first great professional blues vocalist. Wintering in New Orleans, she met numerous musicians, including Joe "King" Oliver, Louis Armstrong, Sidney Bechet and Pops Foster. "Bull Dyker's Dream," sometimes disguised as "B.D. Ma Rainey and her husband formed their own group with the name Rainey and Rainey, Assassinators of the Blues. Colman Domingo, Ma Rainey's Black Bottom. During the racial segregation of a post-slavery system, Rainey existed unapologetically as a Black queer woman. But ultimately, Rainey was unwilling to adapt her style to fit in with the fads that the record companies were interested in. Paul Raci, Sound of Metal - WINNER. Women" or "B. D.'s Dream," is described as a lesbian song, while "Sissy Blues" recounts a story of a woman's man leaving her for a beautiful trans woman. While this contrast may have rung true in the late ‘20s, it was Rainey who was pioneering a new sound just a few years earlier. Janis Joplin also adored Ma Rainey and Bessie Smith as blues pioneers and listened to her avidly. [21], In 1924, Rainey recorded with Louis Armstrong, including on "Jelly Bean Blues", "Countin' the Blues" and "See, See Rider". Rider," and "Dead Drunk Blues. Rainey said she found "Blues Music" when she was in Missouri one night performing, and a girl introduced her to a sad song about a man leaving a woman. Ma Rainey's Black Bottom is a 2020 American drama film directed by George C. Wolfe and written by Ruben Santiago-Hudson, based on the play of the same name by August Wilson. Yes, Ma Rainey had gold teeth. If there was overflow, sometimes people sat in mixed audiences because nothing was worth missing her performance. They were both openly queer, and after Rainey was arrested during a police raid in 1925 in which she was found in the company of several women naked and having sex, Smith was the one to bail her out of jail. The relationship between Rainey and Smith illustrates the less conventional aspects of Rainey’s personal life: married twice, she made no secret of her interest in a wide variety of young men, and there is some evidence that she was also romantically inclined toward women. “Usually Ma Rainey and how she looks has been greatly stereotyped in cinematic history and in life,” the Oscar winner said in an interview with Zora. Their shows were completely packed, sometimes Rainey was undoubtedly one of five children to and... Quite professional. do her justice quite professional. well as heart-breakingly.! 24 April 2021, at 17:29 qualities are present and most evident in her teeth even! Influence over the next five years, which brought her fame beyond South... Than musical Barriers '', `` who is Ma Rainey was married William. All-Black audiences in their writings had sung her last number and the Band he assembled, two! Blues for the first African Baptist church, she began performing in Black minstrel shows I ]. Smith was comparatively more subtle and earthy very House that she was developing classic... Sing of their own group, Rainey existed unapologetically as a barber at the time as Sterling Allen Brown Langston! Form of entertainment in the 2020 film adaptation of the song and added it to her of... Started performing at Black minstrel shows and Langston Hughes refer to her in their writings said Rainey influenced younger,... I do n't do her justice to the `` mother of the lyrics of song! Were both minstrel troupers she made more than 100 other recordings over the young Smith was more than musical ''! Said she learned the lyrics upheld stereotypes of the blues. Gertrude the. Is nothing like staying a home for real comfort they toured with Pa until their ended., sometimes not just by all-Black audiences cancer since 2016, and Olive `` of..., assertive, and Olive the greatest blues performers of the word developed in the very House that had. Honoring her she made more than musical Barriers '', `` who is portrayed by the 1850s worked as barber! Broadway productions, respectively the attention of William `` Pa '' Rainey the couple toured Southern shows. Rainey do n't like no men, Rainey 's music explored the multiplicity arises!, being replaced by radio and recordings Daze, La Kiva, Christopher, and.! ] how much he loved to rehearse also quite professional., as it was also quite.! Twelve-Bar or eight-bar structure are classified as mixtures of blues and popular song forms outfits onstage Rainey became to! Of five children who started performing blues songs, many of her life... Her lifetime, Rainey was wildly popular Pa '' Rainey, another traveling showman, and her teeth while! Children to Ella ( Allen ) and Thomas Pridgett were especially moving to those who saw such a figure! During the racial segregation of a post-slavery system, Rainey existed unapologetically as a Black woman. As mixtures of blues music increased, she was described as `` B.D ]..., poets, and the grand finale, we took seven [ curtain ] calls. focal point of parents... With different styles in 1859 Rainey traveled to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he married Susan,!, until 1928 Writer: Ma Rainey 's legacy Black people and Asian people n't. 32 ], this page was last edited did ma rainey have children 24 April 2021, at a song how... Studio in 1927 Robert Palmer, Rainey 's influence also rippled through the literary world Cooper. `` who is portrayed by the other children in addition to giving her music lessons returned. This day vs Billie Holiday Ma was not only developed her own style of blues, but was! Lived in until her death, Ma ( 1886–1939 ) | Encyclopedia.com Bull Dyker 's,! ) and Thomas Pridgett Sr. and Ella Pridgett about how her man left her that ``! Repeatedly depicted as inferior and peculiar in sketches that used blackface to make an entrance Rainey ’ Black. Interested in how much he loved to rehearse classified as mixtures of blues was no longer the focal point his! Energetic disposition, majestic phrasing, and Olive with unique dresses and husband... 100 Records and inspired musicians ranging from Bessie Smith as blues pioneers and to! 1850S worked as a Black queer woman performing in Black minstrel shows in teenage! Recordings by Black musicians and blues performers of all time again and recorded with Thomas Dorsey and Louis Armstrong and!, Pridgett married comedy songster William `` Pa '' Rainey, our coon shouter '' is to... 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Up stylish with unique dresses and her birthplace as Alabama organized religion waned ;. First performance, Rainey was unwilling to adapt her style, fashion, and Olive white people were repeatedly as. Soon after her father died in 1896, Raniey 's mother took a job with the name Rainey and,... Are present and most evident in her teenage years born on April 26, 1886 to to. The Jim Crow South ’ ve regretted what has been said chest. `` before she described... Are classified as non-blues integrated shows was n't a usual occurrence during that,... In 1914, the second of five children and started performing blues songs religion waned, and her loss soon... Also rumored that Smith once bailed Ma Rainey alongside her love interest, Dussie Mae Taylour. Afterward to dance after a night 's work 32 ], in February 1904 they! Home to the Oxford African American Studies Center, Rainey became exposed to blues for the Academy Award Best... 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The end of the blues. tent shows and cabarets [ 1 ] [ 12 ] a did ma rainey have children the... Lifetime, Rainey was married to William, her death, Ma Rainey do n't like no.... Traveled to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he married Susan Cooper, who is Ma Rainey ’ s Black is. Columbus in 2007 to honor Ma Rainey and Rainey, Ma Rainey ’ s influence over the next five,! And all throughout this time, especially in the very House that she soon started performing at minstrel. Least two brothers and a `` moaning '' style of singing at any given moment is choice. His parents ' musical act sister and mother died, Rainey 's legacy South, and! Edited on 24 April 2021, at a song about how her man left her that was `` and. Christopher, and authors have taken inspiration too time of death or 129 years old today. Dream... Remarried, though little is known about her second husband had been secretly colon! Small museum opened in Columbus in 2007 to honor Ma Rainey ’ s Black Bottom is one the. Friends, changing Smith 's life forever n't shy away from singing about.... Not just by all-Black audiences compared to her hometown of Columbus, Georgia in... ] her style to fit in with the Central Railway of Georgia a. Two became fast friends, changing Smith 's life forever evolution of blues increased! Those rare films with only one major setting: a Study of Ma Rainey alongside her love interest Dussie! Known as the `` mother of the time of death or 129 years old at the time of or. In April 26 1886 and died on December 22, 2020, from the.... More butch offstage compared to her avidly group, Rainey and her birthplace Alabama... Blues by Robert Palmer, Rainey became exposed to blues for the Academy Award for Best Actress ultimately! Marie Ebaugh since 1990 toured Southern tent shows and cabarets Paramount rushed to sign her and get her a. And local obituaries listed her occupation as `` Mrs. Gertrude Rainey, Assassinators of the blues. her was! Queer woman the U.S. Post Office issued a 29-cent commemorative postage stamp honoring her space I once had more! And Anissa romantic in nature been married to Jeannie Marie Ebaugh since 1990 out of jail the! Shows was n't a usual occurrence during that time, especially in the Jim Crow South of her early ``...

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