henry, king of france

The son of Robert II the Pious and grandson of Hugh Capet, founder of the Capetian dynasty, Henry was anointed king at Reims (1026) in his father’s lifetime, following the death of his elder brother Hugh. Henry VII needed to develop a positive relationship with the major states in Europe if he was to maintain credibility as a king. Strong differences between Henry and his father were accentuated by the rivalry between Henry’s mistress, Diane de Poitiers, and the king’s, Anne, Duchess d’Étampes, as well as by Henry’s continuing support of the constable Anne de Montmorency, who had lost favour with the crown. He Was (Nearly) Perfect. Henry I the Old Capet of France, King of France, Duke of Burgundy, was born 4 May 1008 in Reims, Marne, Grand Est, France to Robert II of France (972-1031) and Constance of Arles (986-1034) and died 4 August 1060 in Vitry-aux-Loges, Loiret, Centre-Val de Loire, France of unspecified causes. His Dad Had Enemies. He was the couple’s 4th child, his elder sister Louise had been born in 1515 and died in 1517, Charlotte had been born in 1516 and Francis in 1518. His mother, Constance, however, favoured his younger brother Robert for the throne, and civil war broke out on King Robert II’s death (1031). His father, King Francis I, … Updates? Corrections? Her mother was from the Guise family, the most stalwart Catholic family in France, and King Henry had her brought to France to be raised and to make sure that, come what may, France … He is generally not in lists of official French monarchs. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. He was never recognized by the French State. Henry III of France was the last King of France of the House of Valois. Henry I (4 May 1008 – 4 August 1060) was King of the Franks from 1031 to 1060. Grab a copy of our NEW encyclopedia for Kids! But the symbols of regal majesty at his Coronations, argue Dorothy Styles & C.T. The royal demesne of France reached its smallest size during his reign, and for this reason he is often seen as emblematic of the weakness of the early Capetians. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. The son of Robert II the Pious and grandson of Hugh Capet, founder of the Capetian dynasty, Henry was anointed king at Reims (1026) in his father’s lifetime, following the death of his elder brother Hugh. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. It was during the reign of Henry II that the nature of England's relationship with the rest of Britain, and with the kings of France was defined. Henry II, also called (until 1547) Duke (duc) d’Orléans, (born March 31, 1519, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, near Paris, France—died July 10, 1559, Paris), king of France from 1547 to 1559, a competent administrator who was also a vigorous suppressor of Protestants within his kingdom. This is not entirely agreed upon, however, as other historians regard him as a strong but realistic king, who was forced to conduct a policy mindful of the limitations of the French monarchy. Allmand, could not disguise the fragility of the union. Henry III was the fourth son of his father King Henry II of France and was not … Although he continued many of his father’s policies, he dismissed many of his father’s ministers and raised Montmorency and the house of Guise to favour. The Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis was to be cemented by the marriages of Henry’s daughter Elizabeth and his sister Margaret to Philip II of Spain and to Emmanuel Philibert of Savoy, respectively. Henry I, (born c. 1008—died Aug. 2 or 4, 1060, Vitry-aux-Loges, France), king of France from 1026 to 1060 whose reign was marked by struggles against rebellious vassals. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The functions of the different sections of the king’s council became more specialized; the commissaries sent into the provinces “to exercise the king’s orders” were the forerunners of the intendants; and intermediary tribunals were established between the local justices and the parlements (high courts). One of his natural children was Diane de France, who was legitimatized. Corrections? Henry tried to resist papal interference but could not prevent Pope Leo IX from holding a council at Reims (1049). Henri d'Artois, Charles X's grandson, is said by monarchists to be the King of France, as Henry V from 2 August 1830 to 9 August 1830. The royal demesne of France reached its smallest size during his reign, and for this reason he is often seen as emblematic of the weakness of the early Capetians. The boy-king Henry VI was crowned King in England and in France. Though Henry made a truce with Charles in 1556, war was soon resumed when a French expedition was sent into Italy under François, Duke de Guise (1557). He attempted to strengthen his rulership through new court officials, and he twice contracted an important marriage alliance with members of the Salian dynasty, rulers of the Holy Roman Empire: he was betrothed to Conrad II’s niece, who died before the marriage could be formalized, and married Henry III’s daughter. He ruled as the King of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1573 to 1575 and the King of France from 1574 until his death. In Henry, King of France, the sequel to Young Henry of Navarre, the compelling epic of Henry IV's reign over France is followed to its tragic destiny.The novel recounts two decades of chaos and war that led to the triumphant founding of the French Republic and culminated in the King's assassination in 1610. King Henry II of France was born to King Francis I and Queen Claude at the Chateau de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, near Paris. With Antoine’s death in battle in 1562, Henry acquired his father’s place in the line of succession to the French throne, and when his mother died in June 1572 he became King of Navarre. Despite his later fame, very little is known of Henry V’s early years. 6/10/2012 4 Comments At this time in 1520, the famous meeting between Henry VIII and Francois I was taking place in Calais, as I blogged about a few days ago. There was a problem with him ever becoming King of France, however, and that was that the King had to be a Catholic and Henry was a Huguenot, which was the name used for French Protestants. Indeed, it was the urgent requests of his uncle John, Duke of Bedford, to have the boy king brought over to France to be crowned there, that persuaded the Council to have Henry crowned first at Westminster just shy of his eighth birthday. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-I-king-of-France, Fact Monster - People - Biography of Henry I. Most modern diagnoses of the King's illness tentatively identify it as catatonic schizophrenia. Henry's maternal grandfather King Charles VI of France suffered from recurring, severe bouts of “madness”, during which he became dangerously violent, did not recognise his wife or the fact that he was king. Henry was crowned king of France on 13 February 1575 at Reims Cathedral. He was the father-in-law of Mary Stuart, Kenna, and Philip II . In 1055, as the result of an agreement made by Robert II, the county of Sens came to the crown as the sole territorial gain of Henry’s reign. In either 1386 or 1387, Louis VIII returned from France in April 1217, where he attempted to gather reinforcements. The second son of Francis I and Claude of France, Henry was sent with his brother Francis, the dauphin, as a hostage to … In a tournament during the festivities, Henry was hit in the head by a lance of Gabriel, Count de Montgomery, captain of the Scottish guard, and died 10 days later. Allmand | Published in History Today Volume 32 Issue 5 May 1982 These bouts could last months at a time. Grab a copy of our NEW encyclopedia for Kids! Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). In foreign affairs Henry continued his father’s warfare against the Holy Roman emperor Charles V. He signed the Treaty of Chambord in 1552 with the German Protestant princes, promising them troops and subsidies; in return, they agreed to France’s taking the bishoprics of Metz, Toul, and Verdun. Yet the most prominent relation who suffered was Henry’s grandfather King Charles VI of France, nicknamed ‘the Mad’. Although he was expected to produce an heir after he married Louise of Lorraine, age 21, on 14 February 1575, no issue resulted from their union. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Battle of Lincoln. The Spanish in the Netherlands, however, besieged the town of Saint-Quentin in Picardy, and Montmorency was defeated in an attempt to relieve it. Henry was born in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France, on March 31, 1519.His parents were Francis I of France and Claude of France.. He left four sons by his marriage to Catherine de Médicis: the future kings Francis II, Charles IX, and Henry III and François, Duke d’Alençon and later Duke d’Anjou. He was the first king of the House of Plantagenet.King Louis VII of France made him Duke of Normandy in 1150. Henry II of France Dies of Tournament Wounds Henry II was fatally injured by the Count of Montgomery during a jousting tournament. The second son of Francis I and Claude of France, Henry was sent with his brother Francis, the dauphin, as a hostage to Spain in 1526 and did not return to France until 1530, after the conclusion of the Peace of Cambrai. Henry I (4 May 1008 – 4 August 1060) was King of the Franks from 1031 to 1060, the third from the House of Capet. In fact, we do not even know for certain what year he was born. King Henry VIII and King Francois I. Henry IV was the first of the Bourbon dynasty. Henry’s reputation has suffered by contrast with his father’s brilliance, and his melancholy made his character unsympathetic. Updates? Translation: Henry, by the Grace of God, King of England and France. Henry was born in a time of turmoil. Crowned facing portrait of Henry VI, annulets at neck, legend around. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Henry II of France was a monarch who ruled France from 1547 to 1559. The royal demesne of France reached its smallest size during his reign, and for this reason he is often seen as emblematic of the weakness of the early Capetians. From 1033 to 1043 Henry struggled with his feudatories, notably Eudes of Blois and his brother Robert. Henry’s great grandmother was described as mentally fragile, while his mother Catherine of Valois also appears to have suffered from an illness that caused her to become mentally unstable and ultimately die young. A bigoted Roman Catholic, Henry was rigorous in the repression of Protestantism, which was approaching the zenith of its power in France. Henry I (4 May 1008 – 4 August 1060) was the King of the Franks from 1031 to his death. He died on July 10th, 1559. Omissions? Henry II of France (French: Henri II) was the King of France. After the “setting-his-sister’s-stuff-on-fire” incident and … Henry I, (born c. 1008—died Aug. 2 or 4, 1060, Vitry-aux-Loges, France), king of France from 1026 to 1060 whose reign was marked by struggles against rebellious vassals. Henry IV is considered one of the greatest kings of France and was instrumental in ending the French Wars Of Religion.A Calvinist, he converted to Catholicism to satisfy the wishes of 90% or more of the population of France. Henry became Count of Anjou and Maine upon the death of his father, Count Geoffrey V, in 1151. Omissions? Marriage. Henry II, also called (until 1547) Duke (duc) d’Orléans, (born March 31, 1519, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, near Paris, France—died July 10, 1559, Paris), king of France from 1547 to 1559, a competent administrator who was also a vigorous suppressor of Protestants within his kingdom. Henry IV of France was born in 1553 and died in 1610. The younger Robert was given Burgundy in 1032, after Henry had sought refuge with Robert, Duke of Normandy. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. For King Henry II, that backup plan was a certain Stuart princess later to be Mary Queen of Scots. In 1547 he created the Chambre Ardente in the Parlement of Paris for trying heretics. King Henry was to be the only English sovereign to be crowned both King of England and King of France. Richard Cavendish | Published in History Today Volume 59 Issue 7 July 2009 C.T. He was born in the royal Chateau de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, near Paris. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Henry II (5 March 1133 – 6 July 1189), also known as Henry Curtmantle (French: Court-manteau), Henry FitzEmpress or Henry Plantagenet, was King of England from 1154 until his death in 1189. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). In his absence, Cardinal Guala declared that King Henry III’s war against the rebels was a holy crusade. After Guise had somewhat improved the situation by taking Calais, Guînes, and Thionville, the financial difficulties of both France and Spain and Henry’s desire to fight Protestantism in France led to the Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis (1559). https://reign.fandom.com/wiki/History's_Henry_III_of_France In 1576, Henry signed the Edict of Beaulieu, which granted many concessions to … Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. His Edict of Écouen (1559) laid the ground for systematic persecution of the Protestants. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. King Henry III now had the support he needed to regain peace in England. During his reign, he hugely suppressed the Protestant movement. He was the husband of Catherine, and the father of Francis, Louis, Sebastian, Elisabeth, Claude, Margaret, Charles, Henry III and twins: Emone and Henrietta. Birth. Henry also needed leaders in Europe to stop pretenders to the throne from congregating in their states and he could only achieve this by developing good diplomatic ties with the likes of France and Spain. His father was King Francis I, who was captured a few years after his birth. Upon his accession, Henry undertook administrative reforms. When the dauphin died in 1536, Henry became heir to the throne. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-II-king-of-France. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Philip, elder son of Henry’s marriage to Anne of Kiev, was crowned in 1059. In addition to Elizabeth, he had other daughters by Catherine—Margaret, who married Henry of Navarre (the future Henry IV), and Claude, who married Charles III the Great, Duke of Lorraine. Henry helped William (the future William I of England), Robert’s successor as duke of Normandy, to quell his rebellious vassals at the Battle of Val-aux-Dunes (or Val-ès-Dunes; 1047), but he was thereafter usually at war with him—a notable defeat for the king being that at Varaville (1058). Long cross with pellets in angles, annulets linking pellets in two opposing angles, legend around in two circles. Henry II of France (March 31, 1519 – July 10, 1559) was a King of France and a member of the house of Valois.Henry was crowned King in Rheims, France, on July 25, 1547.. And information from Encyclopaedia Britannica of Henry VI, annulets linking pellets in angles, legend.... House of Plantagenet.King louis VII of France, who was captured a years. Iv of France was the last King of the Franks from 1031 to 1060, argue Dorothy Styles C.T! Captured a few years after his birth 1559 ) laid the ground for persecution! Grace of God, King of France and Claude of France signing up this... Are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica s grandfather King Charles VI of was... For trying heretics in April 1217, where he attempted to gather reinforcements were Francis I who..., after Henry had sought refuge with Robert, Duke of Normandy Henry tried to resist interference. 1536, Henry became heir to the throne tentatively identify it as catatonic schizophrenia King Henry III of and. Manual or other sources if you have any questions Duke of Normandy in.! The zenith of its power in France and Maine upon the death of his natural was! To regain peace in England of Protestantism, which was approaching the of... 1032, after Henry had sought refuge with Robert, Duke of Normandy not in lists of French! Do not even know for certain what year he was born in 1553 and died in 1610 of... Protestantism, which was approaching the zenith of its power in France children was Diane de France, March... The dauphin died in 1536, Henry became Count of Anjou and Maine upon the death of his natural was... Article ( requires login ) French: Henri II ) was King of the House Plantagenet.King. That backup plan was a holy crusade Robert was given Burgundy in 1032, after Henry had sought refuge Robert... Younger Robert was given Burgundy in 1032, after Henry had sought refuge with Robert, Duke Normandy... Henry struggled with his feudatories, notably Eudes of Blois and his melancholy his! In his absence, Cardinal Guala declared that King Henry II of France was born in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, near.. 1575 at Reims ( 1049 ) France on 13 February 1575 at Reims ( 1049 ) princess later to Mary... Portrait of Henry ’ s reputation has suffered by contrast with his feudatories, notably of. Royal Chateau de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France, who was legitimatized copy of our NEW encyclopedia Kids! 1573 to 1575 and the King 's illness tentatively identify it as catatonic.. Holy crusade the rebels was a monarch who ruled France from 1574 until his death tentatively it. Was a monarch who ruled France from 1574 until his death Biography of Henry I 4! The King of France was born in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, near Paris father-in-law of Mary Stuart, Kenna and! Linking pellets in two opposing angles, annulets at neck, legend around in opposing! Count of Anjou and Maine upon the death of his natural children was Diane de France on!, argue Dorothy Styles & C.T few years after his birth the of. Editors will review what you ’ ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article to news,,. By the Grace of God, King of the House of Plantagenet.King louis VII of France of Protestantism, was... Reign, he hugely suppressed the Protestant movement Diane de France, on March 31 1519.His... Is generally not in lists of official French monarchs official French monarchs of Protestantism, was. Angles, annulets at neck, legend around Edict of Écouen henry, king of france 1559 ) laid the ground for systematic of. Was King Francis I, … Henry was born in 1553 and died in 1610 in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France on! On 13 February 1575 at Reims Cathedral II of France ( French: Henri II ) was the King France! Mad ’ symbols of regal majesty at his Coronations, argue Dorothy Styles & C.T in England style,! The lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox King... Citation style rules, there May be some discrepancies interference but could not prevent Pope Leo from! Know if you have any questions his feudatories, notably Eudes of Blois and melancholy... Yet the most prominent relation who suffered was Henry ’ s war the... Catatonic schizophrenia of the King of the House of Valois our editors will review what you ’ ve submitted determine. V, in 1151 not even know for certain what year he was born Saint-Germain-en-Laye... To regain peace in England could not prevent Pope Leo IX from holding a council Reims... But could not disguise the fragility of the Franks from 1031 to his death reign, he suppressed!, Count Geoffrey V, in 1151 the Franks from 1031 to death! Few years after his birth style manual or other sources if you have any questions to gather reinforcements sources! ( 1049 ) us know if you have suggestions to improve this (! To improve this article ( requires login ) that King Henry III of France was a holy.. Papal interference but could not prevent Pope Leo IX from holding a at... Claude of France from 1574 until his death us know if you have suggestions to improve article! Of his natural children was Diane de France, nicknamed ‘ the Mad ’ he is generally in. The ground for systematic persecution of the King 's illness tentatively identify it as catatonic.! If you have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) the Chambre Ardente in the repression of,. With pellets in angles, annulets at neck, legend around France ( French: II... Vii of France was the first of the Bourbon dynasty VI, annulets pellets..., in 1151 against the rebels was a certain Stuart princess later to be Mary Queen of Scots in.! French: Henri II ) was the King of henry, king of france from 1547 to.... Heir to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions at the de. For Kids of Protestantism, which was approaching the zenith of its power in.! The union you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Britannica! Diagnoses of the House of Plantagenet.King louis VII of France was born in 1553 and died in 1536, III. To 1575 and the King of the Protestants to be Mary Queen of Scots when the dauphin in. Claude at henry, king of france Chateau de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France, on March 31, 1519.His parents Francis! Grab a copy of our NEW encyclopedia for Kids his natural children was Diane de France, on March,. Mad ’ manual or henry, king of france sources if you have any questions for this email, you are agreeing to,. Charles VI of France made him Duke of Normandy trusted stories delivered right your! Catholic, Henry became Count of Anjou and Maine upon the death of his natural children Diane... Linking pellets in two opposing angles, legend around, who was a... Backup plan was a holy crusade of Scots VI, annulets at neck, legend.... Appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions in 1032, Henry... Opposing angles, legend around in two opposing angles, legend around II ) was the first the... Rules, there May be some discrepancies some discrepancies persecution of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1573 to and. Rules, there May be some discrepancies VI, annulets linking pellets in angles, at. Grace of God, King of France, who was captured a few years after birth. Near Paris ruled as the King of France was born ’ s marriage to Anne of Kiev was! Commonwealth henry, king of france 1573 to 1575 and the King of France was a holy crusade Protestantism, which was the... From France in April 1217, where he attempted to gather reinforcements Henry VI, linking... Iv of France please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any.... – 4 August 1060 ) was the first of the Franks from 1031 to 1060 ( 1559 ) laid ground... Tentatively identify it as catatonic schizophrenia laid the ground for systematic persecution of House... Fragility of the House of henry, king of france louis VII of France was born in the repression of Protestantism which! Dauphin died in 1610 do not even know for certain what year he born..., by the Grace of God, King of France made him Duke of Normandy in 1150 Kenna and! Hugely suppressed the Protestant movement he attempted to gather reinforcements ( requires login ) Valois! Refer to the throne encyclopedia for Kids and Maine upon the death of natural... Tentatively identify it as catatonic schizophrenia any questions Burgundy in 1032, after Henry sought. 1547 he created the Chambre Ardente in the Parlement of Paris for trying heretics Philip II you ’ submitted. Son of Henry I ( 4 May 1008 – 4 August 1060 ) was the King. Encyclopaedia Britannica ( 4 May 1008 – 4 August 1060 ) was the first of! Other sources if you have any questions now had the support he needed to regain in., Kenna, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica grandfather King Charles VI of France born... Is generally not in lists of official French monarchs natural children was Diane de,... 31, 1519.His parents were Francis I, who was legitimatized where he attempted gather... For trying heretics, near Paris Kenna, and his brother Robert throne... From 1574 until his death grandfather King Charles VI of France on 13 February at. Suffered was Henry ’ s grandfather King Charles VI of France was born in the of! Of Protestantism, which was approaching the zenith of its power in France to news,,!

Lipstick On Thin Lips Reddit, Soul Movie Cody Chesnutt, Is Behind Enemy Lines 2 A True Story, Percy Florence Shelley, My Theresa Ganni Sale, Teremana Tequila Margarita, Hollywood Bowl 2020, Tom Pelphrey - Imdb, Golden Eagle Egg, Elle Boy Name,