queen victoria ii

Eleven days after Orsini's assassination attempt in France, Victoria's eldest daughter married Prince Frederick William of Prussia in London. Victoria thought he had "little heart or Zartgefühl [tact] – and ... his conscience & intelligence have been completely wharped [sic]". In 1885, Victoria and Louis had their first child, Princess Alice of Battenburg. Victoria found Gladstone's demeanour far less appealing; he spoke to her, she is thought to have complained, as though she were "a public meeting rather than a woman". 491–493, Hibbert, pp. [116] She blamed her husband's death on worry over the Prince of Wales's philandering. Hibbert, p. 27; Longford, pp. [190] One reason for including the prime ministers of the Dominions and excluding foreign heads of state was to avoid having to invite Victoria's grandson, Wilhelm II of Germany, who, it was feared, might cause trouble at the event. Places named after her include Africa's largest lake, Victoria Falls, the capitals of British Columbia (Victoria) and Saskatchewan (Regina), two Australian states (Victoria and Queensland), and the capital of the island nation of Seychelles. Longford, p. 263; Weintraub, pp. 323–324; Marshall, pp. Find out more about her life and reign here. 248–250, Hibbert, pp. 437–438; Longford, pp. [143] She wrote of "her feelings of horror and regret at the result of this bloody civil war",[144] and insisted, urged on by Albert, that an official proclamation announcing the transfer of power from the company to the state "should breathe feelings of generosity, benevolence and religious toleration". It was only in 1851 that Palmerston was removed after he announced the British government's approval of President Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte's coup in France without consulting the Prime Minister. [203] She was dressed in a white dress and her wedding veil. [196] Through early January, she felt "weak and unwell",[197] and by mid-January she was "drowsy ... dazed, [and] confused". 161–164; Marshall, p. 129; St Aubyn, pp. At the time, it was customary for the prime minister to appoint members of the Royal Household, who were usually his political allies and their spouses. 174–175; Woodham-Smith, p. 412, Hibbert, pp. 160–161, Hibbert, p. 130; Longford, p. 154; Marshall, p. 122; St Aubyn, p. 159; Woodham-Smith, p. 220, Hibbert, p. 149; Longford, p. 154; Marshall, p. 123; Waller, p. 377, Hibbert, pp. They married in 1840. 216–217; St Aubyn, pp. Many of the Queen's ladies of the bedchamber were wives of Whigs, and Peel expected to replace them with wives of Tories. 162–163, Marshall, pp. In 1889, during a stay in Biarritz, she became the first reigning monarch from Britain to set foot in Spain when she crossed the border for a brief visit. [34], At the time of Victoria's accession, the government was led by the Whig prime minister Lord Melbourne. After the death of Victoria's aunt, Princess Augusta, in 1840, Victoria's mother was given both Clarence and Frogmore Houses. Victoria became queen at age 18, when King William IV died in 1837. [26] According to her diary, she enjoyed Albert's company from the beginning. 464–466, 488–489; Strachey, p. 308; Waller, p. 442, Victoria's journal, 1 January 1901, quoted in Hibbert, p. 492; Longford, p. 559 and St Aubyn, p. 592, Hibbert, pp. 35–40; Woodham-Smith, pp. But Elizabeth’s husband, Philip, gets his link to Queen Victoria from his mother’s side. Known as the Victorian era, her reign of 63 years and seven months was longer than any previous British monarch. Their living descendants include Elizabeth II; Harald V of Norway; Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden; Margrethe II of Denmark; and Felipe VI of Spain. [229] Spontaneous mutations account for about a third of cases.[230]. [131] Disraeli's ministry only lasted a matter of months, and at the end of the year his Liberal rival, William Ewart Gladstone, was appointed prime minister. [22], By 1836, Victoria's maternal uncle Leopold, who had been King of the Belgians since 1831, hoped to marry her to Prince Albert,[23] the son of his brother Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. [50], Though Victoria was now queen, as an unmarried young woman she was required by social convention to live with her mother, despite their differences over the Kensington System and her mother's continued reliance on Conroy. 366, 372, 434, Potts and Potts, pp. Then, because she was queen, she proposed to Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. 280–281; St Aubyn, p. 304; Woodham-Smith, p. 391, Hibbert, p. 242; Longford, p. 281; Marshall, p. 117. 265–267; St Aubyn, p. 318; Woodham-Smith, pp. Queen Victoria | George Hayter/ Wikimedia Commons. [151] In May 1879, she became a great-grandmother (on the birth of Princess Feodora of Saxe-Meiningen) and passed her "poor old 60th birthday". [182] Abdul Karim remained in her service until he returned to India with a pension, on her death. [69] Edward Oxford felt that the attempts were encouraged by his acquittal in 1840. 385–386; Strachey, pp. [113] Appalled, he travelled to Cambridge, where his son was studying, to confront him. [58] Through Albert's mediation, relations between mother and daughter slowly improved.[59]. The parties did not undertake a formal engagement, but assumed that the match would take place in due time. Victoria was 16 when she fell for Albert, while Elizabeth was 13 when she first set her heart on Philip. George is Queen Elizabeth’s grandfather. Hibbert, p. 352; Strachey, p. 304; Woodham-Smith, p. 431, Example from a letter written by lady-in-waiting Marie Mallet née Adeane, quoted in Hibbert, p. 471, St Aubyn, pp. [199] Her son and successor, King Edward VII, and her eldest grandson, Emperor Wilhelm II, were at her deathbed. The family tree for the British royal family is pretty confusing. 388–389, Hibbert, p. 427; Marshall, p. 176; St Aubyn, p. 389, Hibbert, pp. Longford, pp. 42–43, Kalakaua to his sister, 24 July 1881, quoted in Greer, Richard A. She marked the fiftieth anniversary of her accession on 20 June with a banquet to which 50 kings and princes were invited. 168–169; St Aubyn, pp. 426–427; St Aubyn, pp. 217–220; Woodham-Smith, pp. "[108] Almost exactly a year later, the Princess gave birth to the Queen's first grandchild, Wilhelm, who would become the last German Emperor. The following day, she participated in a procession and attended a thanksgiving service in Westminster Abbey. Salisbury remained prime minister for the remainder of Victoria's reign. She died on the Isle of Wight in 1901. "[154] Victoria saw the expansion of the British Empire as civilising and benign, protecting native peoples from more aggressive powers or cruel rulers: "It is not in our custom to annexe countries", she said, "unless we are obliged & forced to do so. [8] The system prevented the princess from meeting people whom her mother and Conroy deemed undesirable (including most of her father's family), and was designed to render her weak and dependent upon them. Her son and successor Edward VII belonged to her husband's House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Both queens had big families — nine children for Victoria and four for Elizabeth. [126], Palmerston died in 1865, and after a brief ministry led by Russell, Derby returned to power. Lehzen had been a formative influence on Victoria[66] and had supported her against the Kensington System. Over 400,000 visitors came to London for the celebrations. 196–198; St Aubyn, p. 244; Woodham-Smith, pp. 370–371 and Marshall, pp. He had been "killed by that dreadful business", she said. Victoria took to horseback riding to improve her health after her husband’s death, and she also loved dogs. 259–260; Weintraub, pp. Victoria's father was Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the fourth son of the reigning King of the United Kingdom, George III. [31], Victoria turned 18 on 24 May 1837, and a regency was avoided. But European families traditionally intermarried to avoid marrying “commoners.”. 287–290, Hibbert, pp. [60] He was tried for high treason, found not guilty by reason of insanity, committed to an insane asylum indefinitely, and later sent to live in Australia. [16] Victoria disliked the trips; the constant round of public appearances made her tired and ill, and there was little time for her to rest. The Duke and Duchess of Kent's only child, Victoria, was born at 4:15 a.m. on 24 May 1819 at Kensington Palace in London. I got out of bed and went into my sitting-room (only in my dressing gown) and alone, and saw them. As Sovereign, Victoria used the royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom. Queen Victoria was the great great grandmother of the Queen. [220] Contrary to popular belief, her staff and family recorded that Victoria "was immensely amused and roared with laughter" on many occasions. 107–110; St Aubyn, pp. [11] Her lessons included French, German, Italian, and Latin,[12] but she spoke only English at home. 61–62; Longford, pp. Her arms have been borne by all of her successors on the throne. 66–69; St Aubyn, p. 76; Woodham-Smith, pp. 457–458; Marshall, pp. In 1843 and 1845, she and Albert stayed with King Louis Philippe I at château d'Eu in Normandy; she was the first British or English monarch to visit a French monarch since the meeting of Henry VIII of England and Francis I of France on the Field of the Cloth of Gold in 1520. 88, 436–437, Hibbert, pp. 222–223; Woodham-Smith, pp. She spent the evening after their wedding lying down with a headache, but wrote ecstatically in her diary: I NEVER, NEVER spent such an evening!!! After the visit she wrote, "[Albert] is extremely handsome; his hair is about the same colour as mine; his eyes are large and blue, and he has a beautiful nose and a very sweet mouth with fine teeth; but the charm of his countenance is his expression, which is most delightful. 1–17; Woodham-Smith, pp. [115] He was diagnosed with typhoid fever by William Jenner, and died on 14 December 1861. She became queen at the age of 18 after her uncle William died. 43–49, Longford, pp. Victoria approached both Derby and Russell to form a ministry, but neither had sufficient support, and Victoria was forced to appoint Palmerston as prime minister. Lord Conyngham then acquainted me that my poor Uncle, the King, was no more, and had expired at 12 minutes past 2 this morning, and consequently that I am Queen. [114] By the beginning of December, Albert was very unwell. 55–65, quoted in Hibbert p. 217; Packard, pp. The first two monarchs are great-grandchildren of the aforementioned union between Alexandra of Denmark (daughter of King Christian IX) and Edward VII … Victoria was love-struck. [118] Her seclusion earned her the nickname "widow of Windsor". [168] The following month, Victoria's youngest child, Beatrice, met and fell in love with Prince Henry of Battenberg at the wedding of Victoria's granddaughter Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine to Henry's brother Prince Louis of Battenberg. 422–423, Hibbert, p. 310; Longford, p. 321; St Aubyn, pp. [164] Ponsonby and Randall Davidson, Dean of Windsor, who had both seen early drafts, advised Victoria against publication, on the grounds that it would stoke the rumours of a love affair. In 1837, Victoria became queen. One of Albert's dressing gowns was placed by her side, with a plaster cast of his hand, while a lock of John Brown's hair, along with a picture of him, was placed in her left hand concealed from the view of the family by a carefully positioned bunch of flowers. [174] By this time, Victoria was once again extremely popular. 1857). "[32] Official documents prepared on the first day of her reign described her as Alexandrina Victoria, but the first name was withdrawn at her own wish and not used again. 425–426, Hibbert, p. 444; St Aubyn, p. 424; Waller, p. 413, Waller, p. 433; see also Hibbert, pp. Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death in 1901. 274–276, Longford, pp. And Elizabeth’s uncle abdicated the throne, unexpectedly giving the throne to her father and then Elizabeth herself. A week later her grandfather died and was succeeded by his eldest son as George IV. Together, they had nine children: four sons and five daughters. Queen Victoria, born at Kensington Palace, London, on 24 May 1819, was Queen from 1837-1901. Victoria and Albert's hopes of a liberal Germany would go unfulfilled, as Wilhelm was a firm believer in autocracy. [90] Victoria's first visit to Ireland in 1849 was a public relations success, but it had no lasting impact or effect on the growth of Irish nationalism.[91]. He became king in 1901, after Victoria’s death. 38–39, 55; Marshall, p. 19, Waller, pp. 230–232, Charles, p. 51; Hibbert, pp. Photos, videos and interviews of the UK Head of State. His beauty, his sweetness & gentleness – really how can I ever be thankful enough to have such a Husband! [198] She died on Tuesday 22 January 1901, at half past six in the evening, at the age of 81. 42, 50; Woodham-Smith, p. 135, Marshall, p. 46; St Aubyn, p. 67; Waller, p. 353, Longford, pp. Outside, the nation erupted into huge public celebration. The Queen had a relatively balanced view of the conflict, and condemned atrocities on both sides. 73–74; Woodham-Smith, p. 152, Marshall, p. 47; Waller, p. 356; Woodham-Smith, pp. "Everyone likes flattery," he said, "and when you come to royalty you should lay it on with a trowel. 384–385, Hibbert, p. 361; Longford, p. 402; Marshall, pp. "[181] Victoria dismissed their complaints as racial prejudice. [135] In late November 1871, at the height of the republican movement, the Prince of Wales contracted typhoid fever, the disease that was believed to have killed his father, and Victoria was fearful her son would die. 419, 434–435, 443, e.g. Her father died shortly after her birth and she became. [86] Louis Philippe was deposed in the revolutions of 1848, and fled to exile in England. Royal haemophiliacs descended from Victoria included her great-grandsons, Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia; Alfonso, Prince of Asturias; and Infante Gonzalo of Spain. 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