henry iii of france

Henry III was the fourth son of his father King Henry II of France and was not … Henry III was born Alexandre Édouard de France on September 19, 1551, at the royal Château de Fontainebleau in Paris, France, to King Henry II and Catherine de' Medici. King Henry III of France 1551–1589. Henry III’s death was celebrated in Paris. Charles IX died of tuberculosis on May 30, 1574, and he did not have any legitimate male child with his wife, Elisabeth of Austria. He was assassinated in 1610 by François Ravaillac, a fanatical Catholic, and was succeeded by his son Louis … The duc d'Épernon, favorite of Henri III, caused a monument to be created to hold the heart of King Henri III. A year later, he signed the Edict of Beaulieu, granting the Huguenots the right of public worship for their religion. The marriage proved childless. Eventually, his mother had to intervene and state in no uncertain terms that she would not entertain such behaviour from any of her children. He Was (Nearly) Perfect. He had nine legitimate siblings: Francis II of France; Elisabeth, Queen of Spain; Claude, Duchess of Lorraine; Louis, Duke of Orléans; Charles IX of France; Margaret, Queen of France; Francis, Duke of Anjou; Victoria of Valois; and Joan of Valois. Henry III (French: Henri III, Polish: Henryk) (September 19, 1551 – August 2, 1589), born Alexandre-Édouard, was King of France from 1574 to 1589, and as Henry of Valois, King of Poland from 1573 to 1574. His younger brother Francis died on June 10, 1584 and as Henry III did not have any children or legitimate brothers left, under the Salic law, Henry of Navarre, a descendant of Louis IX (Saint Louis), a Protestant and husband of Henry III’s sister, Margaret of Valois, became his heir presumptive. 163 relations. Henry III, acting on his mother’s advice, tried to placate the Holy League by revoking past edicts that had granted toleration to the Huguenots, but its members regarded him as a lukewarm defender of the faith and tried to depose him. In 1573, he was chosen as the King/Grand Duke of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. His father, King Francis I, also known as … He arrived in Poland in January 1574 and was crowned in Kraków on 21 February. While this action earned him supporters among the Huguenots, it also garnered him new enemies among the Catholics. She reportedly suffered a miscarriage in 1576 but no historical proof exists of this. Eventually, going against his mother’s wishes, he decided to marry Louise and sent his councillor and alleged lover, Cheverney, to Louise and her family to make them aware of his intention. He issued ordinances designed to correct many of the financial and judicial problems of the country, but he refused to exert the effort needed to enforce them. Before he died, Henry, who left no issue, acknowledged Henry of Navarre as his heir. The duke’s brother, Louis II, Cardinal of Guise, was already there. Henry III died on 2 August, the day when he was supposed to lead an assault on Paris. He ruled as the King of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1573 to 1575 and the King of France from 1574 until his death. Henry II of France (March 31, 1519 – July 10, 1559) was a King of France and a member of the house of Valois.Henry was crowned King in Rheims, France, on July 25, 1547.. Henry III, also called Henry of Valois, or (until 1574) duc d’Anjou, (born Sept. 19, 1551, Fontainebleau, France—died Aug. 2, 1589, Saint-Cloud), king of France from 1574, under whose reign the prolonged crisis of the Wars of Religion was made worse by dynastic rivalries arising because the male line of the Valois dynasty was going to die out with him. However, after the Spanish Armada was defeated by Queen Elizabeth I’s England in 1588, Henry III felt the threat of foreign support to the Catholic League had decreased. Furthermore, he was recorded to have bitten off a nose of a statue of Saint Paul. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. He was also a gifted fencer and often spent time enjoying the sport. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_III_of_France#/media/File:Anjou_1570louvre.jpg, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_III_of_France, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Delpech_-_Henry_III_of_France.jpg, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fran%C3%A7ois_Quesnel_-_Portrait_de_Henri_III._de_la_Pologne_et_de_la_France.jpg, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Henry_III_of_France,_1551-1589._Wellcome_L0004004.jpg. Born in: Palace of Fontainebleau, Fontainebleau, Spouse/Ex-: Louise of Lorraine (m. 1575–1589), siblings: Charles IX of France, Elisabeth of Valois, Francis II of France, Francis; Duke of Anjou, Henri de Saint-Rémy, Louis of Valois, Margaret of Valois, See the events in life of Henry III Of France in Chronological Order. Henry IV (French: Henri IV; 13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), also known by the epithet Good King Henry or Henry the Great, was King of Navarre (as Henry III) from 1572 and King of France from 1589 to 1610. Henry III of France was the last King of France of the House of Valois. Henry III became the king, and his younger brother Francis replaced him as Elizabeth’s suitor. He was 18 or 19 at the time and she was almost 37. Page 1 of 9 - About 84 Essays Pope Gregory VII: Gregorian Reform. Henry IV of France King of France. England had much of France back in the day, but in 1558 that changed. 2. Henry III of France (19 September 1551-2 August 1589) was King of Poland-Lithuania from 16 May 1573 to 12 May 1575, succeeding Sigismund II of Poland and preceding Anna Jagiellon, and King of France from 30 May 1574 to 2 August 1589, succeeding Charles IX of France and preceding Henry IV of France. Together they laid siege to Paris, but on Aug. 1, 1589, Jacques Clément, a fanatical Jacobin friar, gained admission to the king’s presence and stabbed him. In 1570, the possibility of Henry III courting Queen Elizabeth I of England was considered. Corrections? Despite the initial misgivings, Catherine would come to love her unpretentious, pious, and calm daughter-in-law. On December 23, 1588, Henry III called a meeting between him and Duke of Guise at the Château de Blois. She had an unhappy childhood, without being loved by either her father or stepmother. On July 7, 1572, the Polish ruler Sigismund II Augustus died and subsequently, Henry III was suggested as a potential ruler to Polish nobility by French diplomat Jean de Monluc. Henry III of France was the last King of France of the House of Valois. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. 1558-1573 a lot of events broke out in Europe. ... Henry III … In 1572 she presented him as a candidate for the vacant throne of Poland, to which he was finally elected in May 1573. However, in 1817, her remains were moved to be buried alongside her husband. Louise died on January 29, 1601, and was initially interred at the Convent of the Capuchins. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Although he was expected to produce an heir after he married Louise of Lorraineon 14 February 1575, no issue resulted from their union. He and his friends were surprised by several Polish cultural practices and disheartened by the abject poverty that persisted in the Polish countryside. He would often be absent from the Mass and began reciting Protestant psalms to his sister Margaret while urging her to change her religion and throw her Book of Hours into the fire. With Henri Desfontaines, Georges Saillard, Grégoire, Constant Rémy. In 1584, however, the Roman Catholics were alarmed when the Huguenot leader, Henry of Navarre (the future Henry IV), became heir to the throne on the death of Henry III’s brother François, and the League was revived under the leadership of Henri, 3e duc de Guise. It all culminated into a seething hatred among the deeply religious French people for their king. On February 15, 1575, two days after his coronation, Henry III married Louise of Lorraine, the daughter of Nicholas of Lorraine, Duke of Mercœur, and Countess Marguerite d'Egmont. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Some even dubbed the assassination as an act of God. His Dad Had Enemies. While it cannot be denied that the king had intense relationships with them, many modern historians disagree. He was hailed as the hero of the staunchly Catholic city whereas the moderate, secular, hesitant government of Henry III was viewed as the oppressors. Given command of the royal army against the Huguenots during the reign of his brother, Charles IX, he defeated two Huguenot leaders, the prince de Condé (Louis I de Bourbon) at Jarnac in March 1569 and Gaspard de Coligny at Moncontour in October of that year. By making peace with the Huguenots (1576), he antagonized extremist Roman Catholics, who formed the Catholic League led by the House of Guise. Henry III of France; Henry III of France. The on-going Wars of Religion gradually was turning into the War of the Three Henrys as Henry I, Duke of Guise forced Henry III to declare an edict that checked Protestantism and nullified Henry of Navarre's right to the French throne. The third son of Henry II and Catherine de Médicis, Henry was at first entitled duc d’Anjou. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. They took advantage of his distaste for war and hunting to portray him as effeminate and disregard his standing with the French public. The Wars of Religion subsequently transitioned into a succession conflict, the War of the Three Henrys. Henry III of Navarre succeeded him as Henry IV, the first of the Bourbon kings. Childless, he was the last of the Valois kings. The situation brought about the War of the Three Henrys, pitting Henry against King Henry III of France and the staunchly Catholic Henry, Duke of Guise. He did not like to indulge in traditional Valois pastimes of hunting and physical exercises like his father and brothers. There were speculations in 1584 that Henry was looking to divorce her but this proved to be unfounded. A rising of the people of Paris, a League stronghold, on May 12, 1588 (the Estates-Day of the Barricades), caused the king to flee to Chartres. Hildebrand, the road to papacy was a long one, containing many different roles in the papacy. During his youth, he received his mother’s favour far more than any of his siblings. In fact, he remained a nominal Roman Catholic for the rest of his life. Though he was not fond of the restrictions his new duties imposed, he signed the documents and on 13 September 1573, at a ceremony before the Parlement of Paris, he received the "certificate of election to the throne of Poland-Lithuania" from the Polish delegation. Henry III understood the importance of taking back Paris. As the Duke of Anjou, Henry III orchestrated the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre of 1572. Contents [hide] 1 Life o 1.1 Early years o 1.2 Youth He led his forces towards the city and on August 1, 1589, was staying at Saint-Cloud. Henry I, Duke of Guise, who was a Catholic activist, established the Catholic League in response. He ruled as the King of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1573 to 1575 and the King of France from 1574 until his death. 1. Page 1 of 50 - About 500 essays. This inner circle of the king’s favourite courtiers was known as the mignons. Henry III (19 September 1551 – 2 August 1589; born Alexandre Édouard de France, Polish: Henryk Walezy, Lithuanian: Henrikas Valua) was a monarch of the House of Valois who was elected the monarch of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1573 to 1575 and ruled as King of France … Poland and its people gave the young king a cultural shock that he would never forget. In 1560, his father bestowed upon him the titles of Duke of Angoulême and Duke of Orléans and in 1566, the title of Duke of Anjou. Furthermore, the Catholic Church wanted to remove the tolerant king in favour of one of their own, Cardinal Charles de Bourbon. His action resulted in the Catholic activist Henry I, Duke of Guise, forming the Catholic League. Henry III, also called Henry of Valois, or (until 1574) duc d’Anjou, (born Sept. 19, 1551, Fontainebleau, France—died Aug. 2, 1589, Saint-Cloud), king of France from 1574, under whose reign the prolonged crisis of the Wars of Religion was made worse by dynastic rivalries arising because the male line of the Valois dynasty was going to die out with him. While still Duke of Anjou, he also became involved in the plot for the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre of 1572. He was buried at the Saint Denis Basilica. This, of course, exacerbated the League’s hostility, and Henry III was compelled to ally himself with Henry of Navarre. In May 1574, however, Charles died, and Henry abandoned Poland and was crowned at Reims on Feb. 13, 1575. Henry III of France; Henry III of France. Henry was born in a time of turmoil. Henri III of France The twenty-three-year-old dandy Henryk Walezy (1551-1589) had served only two years as King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania when he received news that forever changed his life. After Henry III was assassinated on 31 July 1589, Navarre claimed the throne as the first Bourbon king of France, Henry IV. Celebrities Who Are Not In The Limelight Anymore. After the “setting-his-sister’s-stuff-on-fire” incident and receiving a verbal … The character of Henry III has appeared in projects spanning films, TV shows, plays, novels, and poetry, including Alexandre Dumas’ famous novel, ‘La Reine Margot’ (1845). Henry III was interred at the Saint Denis Basilica. Henry IV, also called (until 1572) Prince de Béarn, byname Henry of Navarre, or Henry of Bourbon, French Henri de Navarre, or Henry de Bourbon, (born Dec. 13, 1553, Pau, Béarn, Navarre [France]—died May 14, 1610, Paris, France), king of Navarre (as Henry III, 1572–89) and first Bourbon king of France (1589–1610), who, at the end of the Wars of Religion, abjured Protestantism and converted to Roman … The guards killed Clément immediately. Ultimately, nothing resulted from these discussions. Henry III was generally regarded the best son of his parents. On May 12, 1588, Henry I, Duke of Guise entered Paris amidst much spontaneous public uprising against the king known as the Day of the Barricades. After the death of his only living brother, the childless Henry III was left without an heir. 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